Rachel and her children Essay Example For Students

Rachel and her children Essay The first book I read was Rachel and Her Children, by Jonathan Kozol. The author created an image in the readers mind of the harsh circumstances and living conditions of todays homeless families. Through his personal encounters and interviews with these families he dramatizes the effects of the living conditions on the psychological and physical health of the homeless, especially the children and pregnant women. The author thought it seemed almost contradictory to call these people homeless. Todays society has the common belief that the homeless are all alike and stereotype them as a drunken poor bum who is too lazy to work. Yet on page 57, Mr. Allesandro, a homeless person, clearly states: I would do anything if I could have a decent job.Its not only the lives of the unemployed adults that are affected but also the lives of their children. The stories of the lack of education afforded them, along with the unbearable living conditions makes me wonder why such innocent people are not given a chance in life. The author, on page 90, states we are creating a diseased, distorted, uneducated and malnourished generation of children who will grow into the certainty of an unemployable adulthood. Thinking of this statement, I feel our society doesnt realize that the homelessness problem of the present is only going to hurt future generations. The President seems to be giving the public the idea that government spending on the homeless is being used the best possible way, when in truth, cities spend more money to keep the homeless in the hotels then if they lived in regular apartments. And why dont we question the President on how he is spending money to store surplus food? He defends the money allocated by Congress to transport food when in fact the transportation of food costs less than its storage. Without giving you a complete summary of the book I am still left pondering over one personal issue I cant figure out. Reading these terrible but truthful facts I feel moral ly obligated to help. Although if I were to actually walk through the city, I would still feel that the further I stay away from the homeless, the more I feel in my safety zone or comfort zone. Its the sad but undeniable truth I must admit to you. I applaud Jonathan Kozol for writing about these issues which created a whole new image of todays society for me. Bibliography:

JAVA INCLUDES A LIBRARY OF CLASSES AND INTERFACES Essays

JAVA INCLUDES A LIBRARY OF CLASSES AND INTERFACES: The Java platform includes an extensive class library so that programmers can use already existing classes, as it is, create subclasses to modify existing classes, or implement interfaces to augment the capabilities of classes. Both classes and interfaces contain data members (fields) and functions (methods), but there are major differences. In a class, fields may be either variable or constant, and methods are fully implemented. To use an interface, a programmer defines a class, declares that it implements the Interface, and then implements all the methods in that interface as part of the class. These methods are implemented in a way that is appropriate for the class in which the methods are being used. Interfaces let one add functionality to a class and give a great deal of flexibility in doing it. A package is a collection of related Java classes and interfaces. The following list, however not complete, gives example of some Java packages and what they cover. Java.lang: The basic classes. This package is so basic that it automatically is included in any Java program. It includes classes that intercepts with numeric, strings, objects, runtime, security, and threads. Java.io: Package that includes classes managing reading data in input streams and writing data into output streams. Java.util: Miscellaneous utility classes, including generic data structures, bit sets, time, date, the string manipulation, random number generation, system properties, notification and enumeration of data structures. Java.net: Classes for network support. Java.awt: Classes that manage user interface components such as windows, dialog boxes, buttons, checkboxes, lists, menus, scrollbars, and text fields, the AWT stands for Abstract Window Toolkit. Java.awt.image: Classes for managing image data, including color models, dropping color flittering, setting pixel values, and grabbing snapshots. Java.applet: The Applet class, which provides the ability to write applets, this package also includes several interfaces that connect an applet to its documents and to its document. Java.sql: The JDBC API, classes and interfaces that access databases and send SQL Statements. The first three packages listed, java.lang, java.io and java.util form the basis, they are basic classes and interfaces for general-purpose programming. Java development kit version1.1 added some new packages, with JDBC being one of them. Other new packages include such thing as Remote Method Invocation, Security and Java Beans, the new API for creating reusable components. In Java, packages serve as the foundation for building other packages, as discussed in the following section. JAVA IS EXTENSIBLE: A big plus for Java is the fact it can be extended. It was purposely written to be lean with the emphasis on doing what it does very well, instead of trying to do everything from the beginning, it was return so that extending it is very simple. The JDBC API, the java.sql package, is one example upon which extensions are being built. In addition to extensions there are also main tools being developed to make existing capabilities easier to use. For example, there is already a tool that greatly Simplifies creating and laying out Graphical User Interfaces such as menus, Dialog boxes and buttons. SECURITY: It is important that a programmer not be able to write subversive code for Applications or applets. This is especially true with the Internet being used more and more extensively for services such as electronic commerce and electronic delivery of software and multimedia content. The Java platform builds in security in four ways. The way memory is Allocated and laid out: In Java an objects location in memory is not determined until The runtime, as opposed to C and C++, where the compiler makes memory layout Decisions. As the result, a programmer cannot look at a class definition and figure out how it might be laid out in memory. Also since, Java has no pointers, a programmer cannot forge pointers to memory. The way incoming code is checked: The Java virtual machine doesnt trust any incoming code and subjects it to what is called throughte code verification. The throughte code Verifier, part of the virtual machine, checks that the format of incoming code is correct incoming code doesnt forge pointers, it doesnt violate access restrictions, it accesses objects what they are. The way classes are loaded: The Java throughte code loader, another part of the virtual machine, whether classes loaded during program execution are local or from across a network. Imported

President Bush and the Stem Cell Debate free essay sample

This paper discusses the decision of President Bush to allow some funding for stem-cell research. This paper focuses on the recent decision by President George W. Bush to allow limited funding for stem-cell research. The author defines stem-cells, and discusses why they are useful to the scientific community. In addition, the author also describes the process that President Bush went through before making his final decision, which as an example of the influence of interest groups on presidential decisions. On August 9, 2001 President George W. Bush decided to allow limited research on existing stem cells. He made this decision to cater to the wants and needs of as many different people as he could. The science community was content that he at least allowed some research to be done, while anti-stem cell activists were content that he took some moral stance in limiting the research. However, neither side was overly pleased. He could have done more, some argue. We will write a custom essay sample on President Bush and the Stem Cell Debate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Still others feel he should have done less. All of this exemplifies the moral divide in our country. We also see how difficult it can be for a leader to please all of the general public.

Long Island and Sac south Essay

Long Island and Sac south Essay Long Island and Sac south Essay SBU Transit Map - Service Level B, C & D A B D C E G F To Stony Brook Village .R. L.I.R 25A No 1 P d Ci Cir Natural Meadow Softball cle Recreation Fields ad Varsity Tennis Courts Circl e Ro ad Kenneth P. LaValle Athletic Stadium 3 Gym Roa d n S. Toll Drive Joh Van de Graaff Accelerator Math Tower e John S. Toll Dr iv T No West Apartment B Complex A Driv e Circ Roth Quad le R oad Keller College Drive velt Greeley College Bioengineering Laufer Center e Driv er i ng En gin e Stimson College Cardozo College Centers for Molecular Medicine Life Sciences (CMM) Health Sciences Garage Underpass Gershwin College P SCAN Center STONY BROOK MEDICINE Health Sciences Tower Roose E 5 Toscanini College Tabler Quad SBU Transit (631)632-6418 SBU Parking (631)632-AUTO Email: transportation@stonybrook.edu Hospital Main Entrance Chapin Commons Hand College D ler Tab rive Ashley Schiff Preserve r Drive Douglass College Marburge Sanger College Emergency Entrance Hospital Circle Road Sports Court Tabler Center www.stonybrook.edu/transportation Basic Sciences Tower Whitman College Roth Cafà © L.I. High Technology Incubator rive l beRoosevelt Quad D C A c a d e m i c Ye a r Effective 2012-2013 Main Entrances Hilton Garden Inn (under construction) Social and Behavioral Sciences (SBS) Hendrix College Mount College /4 es D We st Nobel Halls Yang Lauterbur Hall Hall 1 ienc h Sc Healt Wagner College West Apartment Complex E F Heavy Engineering Dreiser College Chapin Apartments Hospital Parking Garage P ts R Patrio P SOUTH CAMPUS Dutchess Hall University Police d g Edmund D. Pelle P P iences Health Sc STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION & PARKING OPERATIONS Endeavour Hall We are dedicated to satisfying our customers with efficient and convenient transportation and parking services in support of the diverse missions of the University. South Entrances riv hD ut So Marburger Drive Rockland Westchester Hall Hall Sullivan Hall School of Dental Medicine Drive e Discovery Hall P ad Ro L.I. State Veterans Home Pain Management Center Challenger Hall Marine Sciences Research Center o rin P oad Ambulatory Surgery Center ad Suffolk Hall Cancer Center Imaging Center Ro Roa Putnam Hall olls 6 Broo k Carol M. Baldwin Breast Care Center Dana Hall Nic Nassau Hall Stony Stony Brook University SBU Transit Map ad H G G Kelly Dewey Cafà © College West Drive Schomburg Apartments 0 Point of Woods Bldgs. Drive lls Ro B Sports Court Administration Parking Garage Ken ny Nico I Humanities Educational Communications u mp P Center Ca Light (ECC) Javits Engineering Lecture Engineering New Center Computer Computing Science Center (under construction) Computer Science Hamilton College Kelly Quad Baruch College P oad . .R I.R B e riv sD SBU Bike Storage Lockers Mile le R Ke P Drive Eisenhower College Schick College L. Shir ley A Psychology B Student Activities Center (SAC) BL CAMPUS ACADEMIC MALL EEarth and d Sp Spa SSpace pacc Sciences (EESS) (ESS) MAIN Frank Melville Jr. Memorial Library Old Chemistry Harriman Hall Charles B. Wang Center Staller Center for the Arts SBU Bike Share Stations Circ 4 Chemistry B P Red Dragon Labyrinth Administration 25A Primary N Transfer Stop Irving College Gray College Stony Brook Union Campus Recreation Center P Physics Simons Center Service Group P P Central Services (Receiving) CoGen Plant lly Mendelsohn Quad P Sports Complex Central Stores (Warehouse) O’Neill College Ammann College Outdoor Basketball Courts P James College Student Health Center 25A Soccer Practice Field SBU Transit Stop with Suffolk Transit Connection Benedict College H Quad Lacrosse Practice Field Circle Road Track Practice Field BL Benedict Road Langmuir College Recreation Tennis Courts P Stadium ad Sports Court Soccer Practice Field SBU Transit

Ancient Greek Philosopher Confucius Research Paper

Ancient Greek Philosopher Confucius - Research Paper Example He believed that change is the constant force of the universe. Everything is changing and even the next second, we are not the same person. Change is elemental in the universal process. He also believes that elements of the universe do change themselves but one element is intertwined with another as he stated once, â€Å"To souls it is death to become water, to water death to become earth, but from earth water is born, and from water soul† (Pro and Ilmari, 2012). He was of the opinion that although elements in universe change but they remain constant in totality due to natural laws. There are harmonizing elements or forces present in nature that does not let happen anything drastic but keep things in equilibrium. Heraclitus was a great believer of war as many philosophers may have expected of him. He stated â€Å"War is father of all, king of all. Some it makes gods, some it makes men, some it makes slaves, some free and we must realize that war is universal, and strife is justice, and that all things come into being and pass away through strife.† These ideas depict that he was of the belief that these are the conflicting ideas that bring lively uniformity in universe (Thomas, 2012). Heraclitus also believed that to exist in society, one good man is worth ten thousand ordinary people as one good man can bring stand out character to the society. It clearly means that he distrust many in society but believes a very few people (Daniel, 2011). Ethical foundations are also found in Heraclitus philosophy. He believes that a man should not be derived by his wishes and should not try to get whatever he wants as it will lose its purification of soul that is the chief ambition of a soul. Ideas of the Greek Heraclitus were clearly opposed to the concept of dualism. He also believed that there is no after life or death for soul rather it remains

The Expectations of the Dollar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Expectations of the Dollar - Essay Example Interest-rate futures demonstrate that the traders are certain the Fed will increase its benchmark to 4.75 percent on March 28, and predict about a 65 percent chance of another increase to 5 percent at the May meeting. However the outlook was not the same say in October 2005 when Fed was expected to go in for graduated dosages of increase in interest rate in keeping with the trend began since June 2004. The dollar had then risen 2.3 percent against the yen since the end of June 2005. The dollar ran its third straight quarterly gain, reported in October 2005, against the yen, the longest winning streak since 2001, as the Federal Reserve stuck to its policy of ''measured" increases in interest rates. The markets had then expected the dollar to rally to about 115 yens. The yield advantage of 10-year US Treasury notes with Japan had averaged 2.87 percentage points in 2005 year and reached as much as 3.27 percentage points on March 28 2005. As a result of these Japanese investors were buy ing the dollar to purchase overseas assets, such as Treasuries strengthening interest in dollar. As compared to this The Bank of Japan had kept rates near zero since 2001.US Rate increases had helped notch an 11 percent gain in the dollar vs. the yen. However for the first time ,in this scenario Bank of Japan indicated that the yen may be supported by indicating a timetable for ending its policy of holding interest rates near zero.BOJ had also decided to stop pumping money into the economy and to recommence forecasting of inflation after a seven-year absence. The risks to the US dollar in 2006 are being widely debated. Last year too Bill Gates, Warren Buffett and George Soros had predicted a crash of the US dollar which, however, did not materialize. However sufficient arguments exist today on why the US dollarwill stopdefying gravity and fall this year. As stated abovein the last few weeks the dollar has kept on falling relative to the Euro and Yen, as expectations of relative short term interest rate differentials and growth rates are turning against the U.S. US slow down, which may or may not trigger global slow down, is quite a probability with risks of a disorderly adjustment triggered by the bursting of the US housing bubble and the stagflationary effect of another oil shock driven by supply tightness and a confrontation with Iran. Moreover a large trade deficit of 7% of GDP has led to an unsustainable accumulation of net foreign liabilities (Roubini, 2006). These combined with domestic slowdown leave out weak signals for dollar wi th slight corrections in or around the two expected step-ups. This outlook would run concurrently to the period required to smoothen out these imbalances. This is expected to last the entire of the remainder portion of 2006 at the least. Theoretical Setting Post Bretton Woods period was a period of fixed exchange rates and primary forex market analytics concerned the effects of discrete policy induced changes in the level of exchange rates-be it a devaluation or appreciation. National economies and the global economy as result

Municipal Solid wastes at National level Essay Example for Free

Municipal Solid wastes at National level Essay India is one of the largest countries in the world whose multifaceted socio-economic progress occurred in the last 50 years since its independence in 1947 (Gupta, et. al. , 1998). Indian population is second largest in the world with 856 million in 1991 (Gupta, et. al. , 1998) and 1,027 million in 2001(COI, 2001). The country has an average annual growth rate of 1. 3% (Gupta, et. al. , 1998). The growth of the nation is shown by its rapid industrial and economic growth both in the public and private sectors. This has contributed to the changing of the general lifestyle of its people. Soon enough, they have begun to espouse an urban lifestyle (Jha et. al. , 2007). This drastic change in the lifestyle of the people of India triggered an increase in the production and consumption of all sorts of products. It further spawned additional economic activities – new or innovated products and services – that led to an overall great rise in the volume of wastes generated by the city (Sharholy et. al. , 2007; Jhaet. al. , 2007). Even the packaging of products has undergone an evolution. After all, these are all natural consequences of the city’s growth. Indeed the city has grown both in size and population. The number of territorial divisions has increased from 30 in 1919 to 155. The population has similarly increased from 5 lakhs in 1921 to approximately 42 lakhs. The increase in the city’s area is from 27. 6 sq. miles in 1921 to 174 sq. kms. (COC website) Several studies in the past (Bhoyar, et. al. , 1996; Esakku et. al. , 2007; Rathi, 2006) reveal that the composition of MSW in Indian cities have recorded higher percentages of earth and inert materials (35-52%), varying degradable matter (35-84%) and lowest recyclable material (10-20%) (Jha et. al. , 2007) and there has been a gradual increase in total MSW over the past several years in Chennai (COC, 2004). The increasing amounts of MSW have been causing problems that governmental agencies have been attempting to solve. The extent of the problem, which covers threats to the health and welfare of the people and the environment, just seemed to keep growing and there were no conclusive solutions in sight (Srinivas, 1998). With environmental concerns on top of the government’s agenda, the key area which needs an extensive importance at present is the MSW Management (MSWM). The system of garbage disposal and management poses a great challenge to the municipalities and the magnitude of which is not felt much, involves heavy cost, but derives only less concentration (Bhide and Sundersan, 1983). Chennai in past 20 years has shown increasing growth in population (Table 5; Figure 31), also there is substantialgrowth in industrial sector resulting in increased quantities of waste generated in the last 12 years (Table 1) (COC, 2004). MSW in Chennai, like in most other Indian cities is collected and dumped at open landfills. Ecologists and environmentalists around the world term this improper dumping technique, and argue that such open dumping of garbage poses serious health hazards and also disturbs environment leading to ecological imbalance, habitat modification and deterioration of species (Kansalet. al. , 1998; Sharholy et. , al, 2007). A study by Das et. al. (1998) show that about 90% of the wastes generated is disposed of by way of open dumping in landfills and such practice causes serious environmental and human health hazard. The quality of land, water and air also get deteriorated because of dumping at open landfills. They in turn influence an increase in leacheate percolation of environmental pollutants from garbage into naive environment, polluting the wetland and groundwater of the adjacent areas (Sharholy et. al. , 2007). Chennai Wards and Zones Chennai is divided into wards and several wards are grouped together as zones. There are totally 155 wards (Table 2, Figure 2) and 10 zones namely Tondiarpet (Zone I), Basin Bridge (Zone II), Pulianthope (Zone III), Ayanavaram (Zone IV), Kilpauk (Zone V), Ice House (Zone VI), Nungambakkam (Zone VII), Kodambakkam (Zone VIII), Saidapet (Zone IX), Adyar (Zone X) (Figure 3). Zone V (Kilpauk) is the largest zone with an area of 25. 62 sq. km and a population of 542,132 and Zone VI (Ice House) is the smallest zone with an area of 8. 24 sq. km and a population of 341,805 (Table 3) OK. Why does this matter? How does this relate to your overall question? Should this be in your introduction? MSW in Chennai Chennai is under enormous stress for a controlled MSWM and this is predominantly due to uncontrolled urbanization (Lakshumi et. al. ,2006). MSW handling and disposal in Chennai is jointly performed by Corporation of Chennai and Neel Metal Fanalca Environmental Management Private Limited (Figure 3), private-public participation. This is the second time Corporation of Chennai has joined hands with a private concern to collect and dispose MSW in Chennai (COC, 2004). Expand, why the second? What happened during the first? Earlier CES Onxy, a private MSW collection and disposal industry, handled disposal of solid wastes in three zones (zone VI, zone VIII, and zone X) in Chennai, where they cleared approximately 1000 tons/day of MSW between year 2000 and 2007 (COC, 2004). Onyx charged Rs. 1,212/ton (~$30 USD) of garbage cleared. After the contract period with Onyx, Corporation of Chennai called for fresh bid for tender towards solid waste management for the three zones; Kodambakkam (zone VIII), Adyar (zone X), and Ice House (zone VI). The Corporation has also planned to privatize fourth zone namely Pulianthope (zone III) (The Hindu, 2007). OK Chennai shows high quantities of organic wastes among the MSW collected everyday, primarily vegetable and fruit wastes collected from areas in-and-around the marketplace (Ramakrishnan, 2005) and in most other part of Chennai paper predominates MSW (Jhaet. al. , 2007). But with increasing consumerism, the amount of wastes produced has also been increasing and if this trend continues then the generation of waste would soon outnumber the rapid increasing population. Moreover, as the dumping sites and landfills are also nearly filling up, Corporation of Chennai is on the look for alternate dumpsites and effective MSWM techniques like recycling of wastes (Jha et. al. , 2007). Composition and Sources of MSW Reports from Corporation of Chennai show that organic wastes (food wastes, green wastes, timber) are of greater quantity among the MSW composition than other wastes (Table 4a). Also the main source of MSW waste is generated by the residential (Table 4b) (COC, 2004). Dumping grounds in Chennai Chennai has two open dumping grounds namely Kodungaiyur, which is the north Chennai and Perungudi in South Chennai (Figure 5). 1. Kodungaiyur dumping ground Kodungaiyur dumping ground is located within the city limits (Figure 5, 6 7). It is rectangular and has a total area of 350 acres, where 65 acres is owned by Corporation of Chennai while 285 acres is owned by Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB). The soil type is clayey alluvial flatland. The dumpsite came to operational in 1980. The daily waste disposed from zone I-V at this site was 1600 to 1800 tons. The maximum life expectancy of Kodungaiyur dumping ground is until 2010 (COC, 2004; Jha et. al. , 2007) 2. Perungudi dumping ground Perungudi dumpsite is located outside City limits in South Chennai (Figure 5, 8 9). Perungudi dumpsite is also rectangular with a total area of 600 acres owned by CMWSSB. The dumpsite area is a wastewater disposal marshy land made of silty-clay alluvial soil. Perungudi dumpsite came to operational 7 years after Kodungaiyur dumping ground became operational and has a life expectancy until 2010. About 1500 to 1800 tons of garbage from zone VI-X is dumped here (COC, 2004; Jha et. al. , 2007). MSW Collection Chennai Municipality (Figure 11A) and Neel Metal Fanalca (Figure 11B) employ sanitary workers or sweepers who are either permanent staff or daily-paid temporary workers (Figure 10) who sweep and remove solid waste, like paper, plastics, organic debris, construction wastes etc every day. They sweep about every 50 meters of the roadside before they gather solid wastes on the adjacent roadside. Sanitary workers from Corporation of Chennai or private organizations engage in door-to-door domestic collection (Figure 12) of segregated and/or non-segregated solid wastes (both biodegradable/non-biodegradable and recyclable/non-recyclable) from residents, streets, roadsides and arterial roads in rotomould bins (Figure 13) and tricycles (Figure 12). The solid wastes thus collected in wheel barrows or tricycles are carried to the nearest collection point or collection depots (Sharholy et. al. , 2007). The MSW collection process includes either primary collection and/or the secondary collection. Primary collection of segregated and/or non-segregated wastes involves the transportation of wastes from the collection point to the nearest transfer station (Figure 14 15) or NGO-run recycling units through Light Motor Vehicle (LMVs) or compactors and this technique involves manpower completely in the collection process (Sharholy et. al. , 2007). Whereas in the secondary collection process each MSW collection worker is assigned with work schedules and work areas (COC, 2004) who transfer the accumulated garbage from collection points by way of compactors and tippers, and ferried to the disposal site where they are dumped (Sharholy et. al. , 2007). In many parts of Chennai, a small portion of the waste generated everyday lie around the garbage bins without being collected (Figure 28) and the collected portion is taken for disposal. The efficiency of collection of solid waste can be equated to the amount of garbage collected from the streets to the disposal sites divided by the total volume of MSW generated during that period. Studies made reveal that the two main aspects that contribute to MSW collection efficiency are manpower and transportation facilities (Sharholy et. al. , 2008). Segregation REWORD On an average, the city generates around 3,200 tons of garbage and 500 metric tons of building debris daily, of which recyclable and biodegradable waste would be approximately 40-45% and 40-45% of building debris and the rest non-biodegradable MSW (Sharholy et. al. , 2007; COC, 2004). If this 40-45% of recyclable and biodegradable wastes is removed, the life expectancy of the landfill would substantially increase and this is possible only with source segregation. Source segregation of MSW in Chennai has been a quest for Corporation of Chennai (Malarvizhi, 2007). Although they made efforts in few areas, as part of a pilot study, to improve awareness and segregate wastes at source (Figure 16), yet source segregation technique in Chennai is far to reach common public (Malarvizhi, 2007). On the contrary, few NGOs are also participating in source segregation awareness program and actively helping Corporation of Chennai in door-to-door source segregation programs (Malarvizhi, 2007). Some residents segregate their wastes into dry and wet wastes. Few others also dump the organic wastes in small pits where organic waste get decomposed, converted to compost and used as fertilizers (Rathi, 2006). Also to add, rag pickers play an active role in segregation of wastes, where they segregate wastes into paper, plastic, wood and metals before these are sold in recycling market for money (Figure 17) (Rathi, 2006).