Marcet Conversations in Political Economy Essay

Marcet Conversations in Political Economy - Essay Example The format that this paper will utilize is to first give a precise definition of what is identified above followed by a brief discussion of what the government might try to do in order to solve said problem including a personal evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed policy measures. Thirdly this paper will discuss some alternative means by which this problem might be solved with a particular emphasis on informal social arrangements drawing on some real life examples of said arrangement. The above passage illustrates some fundamental issues of economics and political science. In one respect one could refer to this issue is illustrating the importance of scarcity in its regard to the laws of supply and demand, secondly there is the issue of ownership insofar as it may be the case that who would protect what is free and available to everybody. As one can boil down the entire issue it is arguably the case from an anthropological and sociological perspective that without the feeling of ownership people are not often compelled to take care of any particular resource. A great case is presented by Diamond (2005) in which it is postulated that the Greenland Norse faced their collapse as a result of over grazing of pastureland, a reluctance to trade with their neighbors and a reluctance to adapt in the wake of a potential societal collapse. What this illustrates is that when resources are relatively free for the taking the wake of poor crop yields it is invariably in the hum an spirit to over consume other resources which could theoretically bring with it the risks of a total collapse in society. When one examines the case as illustrated above one could draw the conclusion that if everything were free people would not take a sense of ownership and as such there would be a case of over consumption. From an economics standpoint one could bring

Human Resources & Organizational Effectiveness Essay Example for Free

Human Resources Organizational Effectiveness Essay Small scaled businesses are very important for developing countries and as well as developed countries. In a country like the China a small business can become success and it will play an important role in the economy of the country. Small businesses are growing in importance in the China; hundreds of small businesses are opened every month in the country, by people who have found themselves squeezed out of a corporation due to downsizing or who voluntarily leave the corporate world so that they can seek a slower pace and healthier balance between world and family life. Small businesses are mostly opened by women and minorities in the China. As the smallest businesses become increasingly complicated due to globalization, government regulations and customer demands for better quality at lower prices, managerial dexterity is very complex and it is very hard to become a success. (Szarka, 1990) Managers in small businesses tend to emphasize roles different from those managers in large companies. Managers in small companies often see their most important role as a spokesperson, because they need to promote the small, growing company to the outside world. The entrepreneur role in the small business is very important, because the managers must be very creative and help their company to develop new ideas so that they can be competitive with other companies. Small business managers tend to rate lower on the leader role and on information processing roles compared with counterparts in large companies. As the world of small organizations become increasingly complex, managers should carefully incorporate the 3 categories for roles. They must simultaneously mange by information; manage through people, and mange through action to keep their organizations healthy. (Szarka, 1990) Managing a Small Growing Business Once a business is set up and running, how does the owner manage it? Often the traits of self-confidence, creativity and internal locus of control lead to financial and personal grief as the company grows. A hands-on to the entrepreneur who gave birth to the small business or company, loves perfecting every ting detail of the company. But after the start-up, continued growth requires a shift in the management style. Those who fail to adjust to a growing business can be the cause of the problems rather than the solution for the company. A small business goes through distinct stages of growth; with each of the stage the company requires different management styles and skills. Intrapreneurship in a Small Business Intrapreneurship can be defined as a process which recognizes the need for innovation within the company, plus it helps with managing the company. The following rules help to develop the necessary environment which is required in the company, they are as follows: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The employees should be encourages 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The management should use informal meeting whenever possible 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company should learn to tolerate failure and learn from it 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The employees should be rewarded for their innovative ideas 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teams should be formed Human Resource Practices The human resource practices in a small and medium business differ from large organizations. Planning In the early stage of existence, formal planning tends to be nonexistence except for the business plan. The business plan can be defined as a document which specifies the business detail of the company by the entrepreneur. The primary goal is to remain alive within the industry. As the company grows, formal kind of planning is not usually instituted until the company does not reach its success stage in the growth stages of the company. For example, records selling company in the China has defined a goal by carving out a niche in the volatile record industry by focusing only on roots music, which is an electric mix of soulful and down home sounds with country edge. This company is only one of the few surviving profitable companies in the country.   (Cameron Miller, 2008) Organizing In the 2 stages of company’s growth, the company’s organization structure is very informal, where all the employees are reporting to the owner of the company. By the third stage the functional managers are hired to take over the duties from the owner. A functional organization will be created and there will be changes in all the departments of the company. In this stage the managers will be able to learn how to delegate responsibilities to others. But these days most small companies in the China are limiting creating ways so that they can stay small but still grow. For example, Woodspirits, it a company that produces and distributes 300,000 soaps to its customers annually. It just employs 3 that work for the company. The company doesn’t want to lose its edge and flexibility; therefore the companies are willing to stay small. Leading Leading is considered to be the driving force in the development of the company, and it is one of the ways to manage a company. The vision along with the leader’s personality actually shapes the small company. With the help of leadership, it is able to point out cultural values, efficiency and ethics of the company. Leadership is also considered important because a great deal of small businesses usually have a hard time of employing qualified workers. There is always a labor shortage for a small company, and these shortages usually damage the company a great deal. Controlling It is also important that there is a financial control in the company. In the company’s starting days control was exercised by simple accounting records and through personal supervision. The control techniques usually become more sophisticated during the resource maturity of the company. For example, the Sock Shop was originally a hit in the US, but it failed due to a lack of control within the company. (Fullmer, 1983) Compensation Compensation of employees in a SME is mostly based on the jobs and its evaluations.   With job analysis information as a part of the department’s HR information system, compensation analysts have the minimum information needed to evaluate the work activities of their employees. Job evaluations are steps and procedures that help to identify the relative worth of jobs or work activities. There are different kinds of approaches to the evaluation of a job; these approaches consider the responsibility of the employee, skills that are needed for the job, efforts done by the employee and the working conditions related to the job. Without job evaluation the HR department would not be able to create a rational approach to pay. The most common methods for job evaluation that helps with a compensation plan are job ranking, job grading system where as in large organizations it is done through factor compensation and the point system.   But the best way the HR can compensate the employ ees is through job grading, why, because, it is the simplest way to classify a job and the companies don’t have to spend a great deal of money on it. (Werther Davis, 1996)

American Government Essay :: essays research papers

John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau both have similar views on man's nature, authority and freedom. Those views are that all men are essentially equal and that each individual has the right to life, liberty, and property. They believe that these rights are given by God, and thus natural. They also believe that reason is a God-given and religious liberty, and right to freedom of speech. The differences are that Locke believed that when people gave up their rights they gave up there freedom to be safe. Rousseau believed that when people gave up their rights to the government they weren't giving up freedom, just exchanging it for security. Rousseau is more on the liberal side of the spectrum while Locke is on the conservative side. The basic differences between conservative and liberal are many. Liberals are more innovative and open to reform as opposing the conservatives being more set in their ways and to doing things in tradition. Liberals are more optimistic and are more supportive towards socialistic ideas. Conservatives are pessimistic and are more supportive of the individualistic ideas. A major political issue is welfare. The Conservatives feel the people should make money on there own and without the help of the people Locke would fall more into this category as opposed to Rousseau who would be more supportive of welfare because he is one that says if it helps the individual then it will help us all. Gun control is another major current event that has two strong views. The liberal view being that guns should be off the streets and locked up and out of the hands of everyday people. Rousseau would fall more under the liberal views like above because he is supportive of the protection of the people. The conservative view point on gun control is that every person has the right to own a gun and I would consider myself more of a liberal for instance in the situation of abortion I am pro-choice as a opposed to the conservative that views more towards pro-life.

Why I do it

It was a freezing cold morning in Farnham. I thought to myself ‘Why am I out of bed at this time on a Saturday morning?' My question was answered merely two minutes later as I managed the trick which I have been trying for the last week, a ‘topside sunny day.' ‘Nice man, nice,' was the call from the bench as I looked over at my friend Mark who was giving me the thumbs-up as I came swiftly out of the trick. I skated over to the bench lazily and took a seat next to Sam, Mark and Henri. ‘What time is the comp tomorrow?' I asked them. ‘Nine am bright and early,' replied Sam whilst getting up to skate over to the grindbox and attempt another amazing trick. ‘I know I need practice for the competition but skating at eight o'clock on a Saturday morning in the freezing cold is a bit too much,' I moaned as I put on another jumper. ‘You wanna go street for a bit?' asked Mark as he took off his skate and started fiddling with the laces. ‘Where are we gonna go? The sixth form college is too far, we're not allowed in Lidls and Redgrave rail is still wet from that rain during the night,' I complained. As I said this I was mostly thinking of my stomach, as I hadn't any breakfast yet. ‘You fancy going to Wimpy?' ‘I'm still banned,' said Sam almost proudly as he glided back to the bench having just done a perfect ‘topsoul.' Henri was being strangely quiet and he suddenly stood up, picked up his bag and said ‘well you can wait outside then.' Mark stood up sharply ‘as long as I can get some hot food I'm not bothered where it is.' On the way to Wimpy I thought constantly of the upcoming competition that was getting ever closer. As I imagined what it would be like to have about thirty or forty people stare at me for ten minutes butterflies suddenly came to my stomach and made me feel nervous and uncomfortable. I gripped my bag a little tighter with my freezing fingers and wished I had had the sense to bring the gloves I bought the day before. As I entered Wimpy I could feel the warmth of the deep-fat fryers and hear the voices of the Turkish men who worked there. We took a seat in the smoking section and looked at the menu. ‘Man I hate being able to see pictures of the food on the menu. It just makes it look pathetic when it arrives because it never looks the same,' said Mark miserably. ‘Just decide what you want and order I'm starving,' I told him as I had already decided on a large Wimpy breakfast consisting of sausage, bacon, eggs, tomatoes, beans and toast. ‘Can you add a toasted teacake to that?' I asked the waiter as I gave my order. I wolfed down the breakfast, even though I don't like tomatoes, and lit a cigarette. ‘Is anyone else nervous about the competition tomorrow?' I asked trying to hide the fact that I still had butterflies in my stomach despite having finished my breakfast. ‘No it's not big deal just think of it as another game of IYMTA. It's only really us, Ben, Carl and James that are entering anyway so there's not a lot of competition.' As Mark said this he was lazily puffing on a cigarette and leaning back on his chair. IMYTA is a game that we play where we skate against each other. It stands for I Match Your Trick Association. It is an annual competition involving professional skaters from around the world where one person does a trick and then everyone else has to do the same trick or they are given a letter. When you have all five letters you are out of the game. We played this regularly and hearing Mark put it like that I felt more relaxed about the competition. ‘Yeah I guess,' I replied as I leant back on my chair feeling relaxed for the first time since I heard about the competition. ‘I' m off home to get some sleep, I might come out later on,' I said as I left the restaurant. I skated to the bus stop feeling good and made it just in time to catch the 9:40 bus. When I arrived home I went straight upstairs, undressed and fell into bed. I fell asleep almost instantly as I hadn't had any sleep the previous night and was still tired from school on Friday. I dreamt of the competition. It was a warm, sunny day and it had just started. I smiled as I dropped in on the big ramp to go for my first big trick. I jumped, and as I was flying through the air I grabbed my feet and pulled them behind me then released them and landed perfectly to go up the other ramp and do a perfect 540 degree spin. The crowd was cheering and the judges were going wild. I skated round the entire park and did a 900-degree spin on the biggest ramp. I was about 9 feet in the air and I leant forward too much. My front wheels hit the ramp and I landed on my face. It hurt so much. I heard an ambulance somewhere in the distance but it was distorted somehow. It sounded more and more like a phone ringing. ‘Ian. Ian wake up you have a phone call!' I woke with a start. My heart leapt. It was a dream I realized. I stood up and put on my dressing gown trying to tell myself it was just a dream and that that wouldn't happen. My stomach had butterflies again. I took the phone from my mum. ‘Hello?' I said groggily. ‘What are you still doing in bed? The competition is half an hour away!' said Mark urgently. ‘What?! It's tomorrow stop joking around,' I said as I checked my watch. 3Sun it said. Oh my God I thought. I slept right through. ‘I will be there don't worry,' I mumbled quickly and hung up. I ran upstairs, threw my clothes on and picked my bag up. I half-fell down the stairs in my haste and put my skates on. As I flew down the hill towards Farnham skatepark I had the feeling I had forgotten something important. It was as cold as the previous day but I had no time to be cold. I skated faster. I arrived at the skatepark five minutes later out of breath and threw my bag down. ‘Where have you been?' asked Sam. ‘In bed,' I answered quickly and I went straight to the biggest ramp and started warming up. I was skating quite well, I managed to spin a 540 and land but then I tried to ‘Truespin topside pornstar' and my feet missed the right spot and before I knew what happened I was lying on the floor. I got straight back up and thought to myself ‘this is not going to beat me.' I skated hard for another 15 minutes before the announcer had finished setting up his equipment and announced that the competition was about to start. It was the BMX'S category first so I had a twenty-minute break before I had to skate again. I rolled lazily over to the bench where my friends were sitting, sat down and lit a cigarette. ‘Why do they have to have a BMXers competition anyway?' asked Mark indignantly. ‘There's only five of them.' ‘Because it gives us something to laugh at,' retorted Henri. I couldn't join in their jokes and laughter. I was too busy thinking about the trick I had been working on for two weeks. A bio flip. To do it I had to do sort of a front flip but instead of going over my head and landing forwards, I had to throw myself over my right shoulder and land backwards. I had only tried it twice and never landed it. None of the others knew I had been trying it or that I even planned to attempt it. The BMX competition was cut short because of an injury and the announcer told all the rollerbladers to make their way to the ramps. I hastily threw my cigarette to the floor and skated up the ramp. As I stood at the top of the ramp I looked around at the people in the crowd. There were so many. ‘You have 15 minutes,' came the voice over the speaker. ‘Go!' I jumped into the ramp and immediately went into a four foot high ‘mute grab' over the funbox and neatly stalled on the other ramp. My heart jumped as I went back down the ramp backwards and did a 360 spin over the funbox. I was skating better than I had skated in a long time and I had a moment where my butterflies and doubts had gone and I was just confident. This was it. I dropped in on the smaller ramp and did a 180 spin over the funbox so I could go backwards into the trick. I could see a photographer in the front of the crowd aim his camera at me. I went up the ramp backwards and threw myself as hard as I could over my shoulder. For a second it was like time stood still. I had pulled my legs in so that I was like a ball in the air. I brought my legs back round so I could land near the bottom of the ramp. Suddenly it felt like I was going to spin too much and land on my knees. But somehow I managed to lean back a tiny bit and land on my feet and roll away. The crowd were shouting and the photographer was going mad. I could hear the announcer shouting ‘He's done it, he's done it.' Mark and the others had stopped skating to watch my bio flip but Mark had come over and shook my hand and said ‘nice one.' The others were standing with their mouths open as if they had never seen a bio flip before. Henri skated up to me and said ‘I never thought you would do that.' It suddenly occurred to me as the speakers told me that I had come first that this is why I do it.

African American Injustice Essay

â€Å"In the eyes of white Americans, being black encapsulates your identity. † In reading and researching the African American cultural group, this quote seemed to identify exactly the way the race continues to still be treated today after many injustices in the past. It is astonishing to me that African Americans can still stand to be treated differently in today’s society. In reading â€Å"Blacks in America†, Andrew Hacker states that â€Å"being black in America has consequences in areas of: wealth, identity, raising children, occupational opportunities, place of residence, and treatment in the criminal justice system. † To be honest, and I feel bad saying that I already knew this was happening to African Americans. I have heard stories of blacks not getting jobs; regardless of how qualified they are for the position, because of the color of their skin. I have heard stories, and even witness black children getting picked on in school because of the simple fact that they are black. I watched a video in school where a black family moved into a white neighborhood, and before long all the white families had moved out because they didn’t want a black family in their neighborhood. This was confirmed by Hacker in my research in the quote, â€Å"Almost all residential areas are entirely black or white. † I have also seen videos of African American men getting beaten by white arresting officers, and have heard stories of many black men being stereotyped by policemen. This must be why Hacker states â€Å"When white people hear the cry, â€Å"the police are coming! † it almost always means, â€Å"Help is on the way. † However blacks cannot make the same assumption. † These are all reports and events that I think the average American has seen before, but yet most people, including myself, continue to just shrug of and ignore. I guess it’s something that I might have subconsciously accepted, or maybe refused to think more deeply about. In reading and researching, I reaffirmed knowledge that I refused to take a greater note of. I wouldn’t say I learned anything new, because I knew what I wanted to focus on. A quote from Andrew Hacker’s article summarizes the above best, â€Å"In the eyes of white Americans, being black encapsulates your identity. † It may be easy to tell how I am going to focus this anthology. I am going to focus it on the injustices that African Americans continue to face in the United States today. That being, I know exactly what I need to get out of my interviewees, but it is probably a sensitive subject for some of the people I need to interview. I am not black, and I don’t know what it feels like to face this discrimination in everyday life. I can understand the tenderness that African Americans must feel then, when revealing and talking about their experiences with discrimination. I would think then, that it must be especially sensitive to talk about with a person from the race that they receive this everyday discrimination. It will be interesting to hear all the different types of prejudice that my interviewees have received throughout their lives. I would imagine that it ranges from just a look, or the way white Americans act around them, to voiced and physical altercations between themselves and white Americans. Hacker at times seems to be speaking directly to African Americans as he describes these altercations, â€Å"So many of the contacts you have with them (white Americans) are stiff and uneasy, hardly worth the effort. † But to me, that is exactly what the problem is. Why would it not be worth the effort? The first step to take for the uneasiness between the two races to cease to exist is for us (all people) to stop seeing color because once we act differently around the other is where all the problems seem to start. The second step is to make these contacts worth the effort. If we choose to continue to stay in our own comfortable circle of race, when is the problem ever going to end? The answer is never. My opinion as a white 18 year old is that most of the blame lies on the white race. Imagine being eyed every time you go into a store, having your car searched for no reason, or greeted warily at restaurants all because the color of your skin is different. We ignore this daily discrimination because no cares enough anymore to take notice that it happens every hour, every day somewhere in the United States. Will it ever stop? Not until we each take the steps to make it. A recent census commercial I’ve seen said â€Å"We (United States) can’t move forward until you mail it back. † I believe that our country can’t move forward and truly be great until we make sure these daily discriminations are eliminated from our society. In this project, I will interview African Americans on their personal experiences with discrimination, how they handle it, and if they think anything can be done about this problem. Sources: Andrew. 1999. â€Å"Blacks in America. † Pp. 160-168 in The Meaning of Sociology, 6th ed. , edited by Joel Charon. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. A Time to Kill. Dir. Joel Schumacher. 1996. â€Å"African American History. † University of Washington Libraries. Web. 02 Apr. 2010. .

Adoption Discrimination essays

Adoption Discrimination essays In a world today, where nothing is no longer black and white people still view it as that and make ignorant decisions. Discrimination doesnt just lurk around dark corners, it thrives in the every day lives of all human beings. Adoption discrimination is just one of the injustices trapping innocent people. Whether it be a person wants to adopt a child of a different race, their disabled, homosexual or single, many people are denied the opportunity to take a child into their arms to call their own and give them a place to call home. Couples or single parents have been through court battles for the sake of a child and all due to a stereotype that exists. All children should grow up in a perfect white picket fence home with healthy, heterosexual parents of their race. How many children are not adopted in California alone? Even if the person wishing to adopt are more than qualified to be parents, there are barriers set, aside from the preference the biological parent. Adoption agencies are sometimes blinded as to what may be truly best for the child. By law, the agencies are not allowed to ...delay or deny the placement of a child for adoption, or otherwise discriminate in making an adoptive placement decision, solely on the basis of the race, color, or national origin of the adoptive parent or the child involved. (CA Family Code) Also, according to the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act), adoption and foster care agencies, public and private, are prohibited from imposing or applying eligibility criteria that screen out or tend to screen out disabled individuals from becoming adoptive or foster parents. (ADA) Even if Acts are enforced through law, states are going to great lengths to prevent people with a certain criteria from adopting or being a foster parent. Now there are two states that have banned homosexual couples the right to adopt childre ...

Cell Parts essays

Cell Parts essays A Cell, the basic building block of life, consists of many parts. Cells are microscopic units that make up all living things, and are alive themselves. There are two types of cells, an animal and a plant cell. Plant and animal cells have different parts. Cells have a cell membrane, a nucleus, a nuclear membrane, a nucleolus, and chromosomes. The cell membrane is what gives the cell shape and holds the cytoplasm. The cell membrane is what helps control what moves in and out of the cell. The nucleus is what controls most of the cells activities, so in other words, it is the brain of the cell. Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells dont. Like a human brain determines how and when your body will move, the nucleus determines how and when proteins will be made. The nucleus also passes traits from parents to offspring. The nucleolus or nucleoli is the cell part that helps make ribosomes. Cells have more than one nucleolus and it is found inside the nucleus. Lastly, the chromosomes are cell parts with information that determines what traits a living thing will have. They are thread like structures that are also found inside the nucleus. These parts can be found in both a plant and animal cell. The cytoplasm is also found in both plant and animal cells. The cytoplasm is the clear jellylike material found between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It is what makes up most of the cell and it is where most of the cells chemical reactions take place. The cytoplasm can be compared to fruit in gelatin or jello. The gelatin would be the cytoplasm and the fruit set inside the gelatin are the several cell parts that are found in the cytoplasm. There are many cell parts inside the cytoplasm, but not all are in both plant and animal cells. In both plant and animal cells you can find vesicles, ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria, and the golgi complex or apparatus. The vesicles are what help mo ...

How to write like an industry expert - Emphasis

How to write like an industry expert How to write like an industry expert Developing your writing skills is key if you want to become a recognised industry expert, says Rob Ashton. If you take a poll to find the worlds top music executive, the chances are that most people will say Simon Cowell. There may be other executives with more talent and panache. You can even argue that his fellow judges are more musically adept. But Cowell has positioned himself as the expert. The public are divided revering and reviling him in equal measure. But what he says goes. No-one can deny his status and authority in the music industry. As a sales professional, you could do well to take a leaf out of Cowells book. The market for office supply equipment is crowded, with many brands jostling for space. Your prospects need a shortcut to enable them to decide who to buy from and what to buy. There often isnt time for them to kick-back with a cup of tea and analyse the messages youre communicating through your sales and marketing material. But you can stand out by positioning yourself as an expert. Prospective customers will start to see you as a trusted advisor before theyve even engaged your services. And they will be more likely to buy from you as a result. Expert status can lead to other opportunities, such as giving speeches or hosting workshops, which again make selling easier. Its a virtuous circle. Yet, we Brits can be a self-deprecating bunch. We often prefer to operate our businesses and careers with as little fanfare as possible. The thought of public speaking can send shivers down our spines. But through writing, even the most unassuming character can shine. And writing reports, articles, white papers and blogs can help you to become the preferred provider in the industry. Whats more, good writing doesnt just have to be an innate skill: its something you can learn. These seven steps will help you write your way to expert status. One Consistently show how your company differentiates itself in the marketplace. Dont be afraid to recommend doing things differently. Two Be curious about your clients. What really makes them tick? Get to know your clients inside out by asking lots of questions, rather than making assumptions about what they need and want. Three Then write from their perspective, not yours. Think beyond the products or services you offer and focus on how your business has an impact on the lives of your clients. Whether youre writing a brochure, pamphlet or article, you need to focus on your clients needs. Begin by asking yourself: What is the document about? Who will read it? How much do they already know about the subject? What do they absolutely need to know? How important is the subject to them? How interested are they in the subject? (Note that readers arent always interested in whats important to them. So you often need to make them interested.) To become a trusted advisor, your writing needs to be clear and punchy. You can achieve this with careful planning. Brainstorm everything you want to include in your document using the headings Who?, What?, Where?, When?, and Why?. Then only include what you think is essential for your readers to know. Your document will be much clearer as a result. Four Comment on relevant industry stories by writing letters to magazines. Use the SCRAP formula: Situation Begin by explaining the situation (or where the industry is). Complication Introduce the idea that theres a problem (why the industry cant stay as it is). Resolution State your answer to the problem. The reader will think of you as an expert because you can offer a practical, considered solution. Action Suggest what action the reader can or should take. Offer a viewpoint that is new and intriguing. Politeness Finally, end with a polite but thought-provoking sign-off. Five Suggest article ideas to trade newspapers and magazines. The articles that will best position you as an expert are how to features. You could reveal the secrets behind photocopier maintenance, or how to eke the most out of ink cartridges, for instance. Send a synopsis of the article to the magazine first. Write a snappy headline and standfirst (the two lines under the headline). Then write an attention-grabbing opening paragraph and a few bullet points about what your article will include. The magazine editor can then give you further guidelines to ensure your article is a hit with the readers. Six Blogs have a worldwide audience of millions. So its well worth setting up a blog and using it to connect with your clients. Pay careful attention to every post you make. Only write things you dont mind being broadcast on the 10 Oclock News. Dont ever gripe about clients or competitors. Seven In your writing, include examples of how you and your company make a real difference to people. Make your writing personal. Its more powerful to write that one in five people found that their ink lasted longer than to use the term 20 per cent. Speak directly to the reader by using words such as you, we, us and our. And use the active voice as much as possible. For instance, weve helped over 1000 customers with their printing needs is far more effective than Over 1000 customers have been helped with their printing needs. Positioning yourself as an expert is a skill that will serve you throughout your whole career. Even if you decide you want to sell condos in the Caribbean in the future, the skills youll learn are transferable. You may not achieve the wealth and fame of someone like Simon Cowell. But you can forge your way as a leader in your industry. And with a little thought, care and attention, your expert status will pay dividends.

Comparison between the effects of globalization on the USA and Saudi Essay - 2

Comparison between the effects of globalization on the USA and Saudi Arabia economics - Essay Example Countries, which previously depended on their own resources for the production of goods and services, are now able to choose from one further option. They can purchase cheaper materials needed for production. Hiring cheaper or more highly skilled labor that is available in a different country is now a feasible option. Even simply buying finished products from different countries is possible due to globalization. While on the surface, this liberalization seems to help only the country that is able to avail these goods and services, this is not the case. It is true that the country importing the goods is able to take advantage of the lower prices of raw material, services, and products in the other countries. This country is most often a developed country. On the other hand, the country it imports these cheaper goods and services from are usually developing. This liberalization helps the exporting country as well. This is because these countries have excess of these goods and services. For example, many developing countries will have an excess of unskilled labors, and not enough employment opportunities for them. This would not only result in unemployment, but also an economy in recession. To be able to use this excess labor to fulfill the need for cheap labor in other countries is a considerable benefit to the developing country (Stallings, 2001). The liberalization that accompanies globalization can also result in several problems for the country, which need more immediate attention. For instance, the high growth that liberalization in trade will cause will result in that country’s carbon dioxide emission increasing inevitably. The emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) is an example of how this high growth in the world economy would be detrimental to the natural environment. Issues like global warming and pollution would only be aggravated due to this effect of globalization, and seems to decrease the importance of stressing on a high growth strategy. Another issue

The Crisis Of Fordism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Crisis Of Fordism - Essay Example The above mentioned process results to a phenomenon of mass worker, controlled in bureaucratic trade unions, which negotiate common wages that increase in relation to the production levels. The common consumption patterns indicate the homogenization of the working class and this leads to a market with homogeneous commodities and a match between demand and supply (Lipietz, 1984, p. 20). Notably, the balance between the supply and demand is achieved through the Keynesian macroeconomic policies, while the balance between wages and profits is obtained through collective bargaining power. The challenges of Fordism are economic, technical and social. To begin with, the technical challenges are characterized by the exhaustion of the increasing productivity by gaining economies of scale, intensifying labor and de-skilling of the workers. Secondly, the economic limits are characterized by declining rate of profits, which is as a result of falling productivity growth or limited market for the homogeneous consumer goods while the income rises. Finally, the social limits are characterized by the rapid growing pressure on managerial prerogative, profitability and on the public financed enhanced by the rising demands of the mass workers (Lipietz, 1984, p.30). From the year 1940 to around 1965, most of the industrialized countries took the advantage of the continuous growth and rapidly increasing rates of wages and profits in a parallel mode.... However, unlike in the earlier economic recessions, the above mentioned Fordist strategy did not help. Rather, the industrialized countries encountered a period of currency instability, continuous inflation and rapid growing rate of unemployment. Notably, the failure in the economic policy in the industrialized nations was caused by the globalization of production. For instance, the European, Japanese and American countries had been for a period of over thirty years expanding in order to gain economies of scale on a global level. In absence of any control by national governments, the international trading system practiced by the multinationals was coordinated by the global financial markets. As a result of the decline of the fixed exchange rates, the global competition among various currencies determined the internal economic principles of the international industrialized nations. For instance, reflation in one country was controlled by balance of payment crises, which in turn forced a rapid return to the deflationary policies (Frieden, 2007, p.120). After the governments of the industrialized nations lost control over their economies, the complete circle of increasing consumption and production was discontinued. Rather, the workers in the industrialized nations began to incur cuts in social benefits, mass rate of unemployment and stagnant money wages. As a result of the recurrence of the social difficulties of the past, new ways had to be implemented in order to solve the deepening crisis of Fordism. The Fordist crisis was an over accumulation crisis caused by the rapid spread of the various Fordist productions methods to the Japan and Western Europe, leading to a decline of profit rate and saturation of the global markets in the

HCA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HCA - Essay Example Considering the availability and application of various growth and expansion strategies in the health sector, strategic planning is paramount to help in monitoring the progress of implementation and evaluation of different stages as a directive measure of success. Objectives In a bid to improve its productivity in terms of service delivery and improve its competitive advantage in the health sector, HCA intends to improve its economies of scale in areas of management, purchases, production and marketing. In addition, it intends to incorporate new growth and expansion strategies such as telemedicine, mergers and joint ventures and improve on employee satisfaction in a bid to restore clients’ confidence and enhance good governance/organization culture within its institutions. This will improve on resource allocation and enable the management in monitoring the progress of the institution in line with its core objectives of quality delivery of medical services, maintenance of its b usiness position/market share, reputation and profit maximization. Implementation Plan To achieve the above mentioned objectives, the organization requires conducting an intensive environmental scan to ascertain the internal functioning of its institutions, evaluation of its position in relation to the industry’s tasks environment and evaluation of the external macro-environment factors. This will call for evaluation of its technological advancements in the field of nursing and medicine, and analysis of its preparedness to incorporate/absorb the competitive aspect of other stakeholders in the health sector. To achieve and overcome the social aspect of its programs, the organization will analyse health consciousness, population growth rate, and emphasis on career safety and attitude among the employees (Harrison & A.U.P in Health Administration, 2010). To achieve the growth and expansion objective, the organization will look into political and economic factors such as tax poli cy, employment laws, economic growth, inflation rates and environmental regulations of different states and economies where they intend to expand their services. This will be coupled by independent programs by its affiliate institutions through effective budgeting and allocation and mitigation procedures in the respective institutions. There will be funds set aside, from the affiliate institutions, to help in financing new ventures that it intends to open within the United States and abroad. This will be guided by the SWOT analysis in which the organization will evaluate its strengths and weaknesses in relation to forthcoming opportunities and threats. Functional Tactics In order to achieve an effective implementation plan, HCA intends to combine several tactics which will comprehensively meet the needs of stakeholders in the industry. Policy/strategy formulation will rely on the information from the environmental scan which will be matched with the SWOT analysis to evaluate the opt imum strategies. To achieve profitability and competitive advantage, the organization will apply product and services differentiation so as to attract clients from all economic and social backgrounds. This will feature strategies such as lowering costs of medicines and therapies in line with regional needs, differentiating products through mechanization and application of science and technology to promote client satisfaction, and customization of nursing services to be governed by an in-depth understanding of the

A timeline of the September 11 attacks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A timeline of the September 11 attacks - Essay Example This essay provides a short information about the catastrophe and further events till September 30. Three hijacked planes hit the World Trade Centre in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington DC. A fourth plane crashes into a field in Pennsylvania.The FAA stops all flight operations in the capital and around the nation for the very first time in the history of America (House of Commons Librarary, 2001, pp 1-72) The president: George Bush addresses the nation and vows to find the people responsible for the attack in order for justice to be served. Trading at the world trade centre is stopped as the police are sent to conduct rescue services in the areas affected the attacks. International leaders shoe their outrage over the attacks as they move in swiftly to help in the rescue operations (Watchtel, 2009, pp 1-48). September 12, 2001: the New York mayor at the moment Giuliani notifies that the death toll at the world trade centre will be in thousands (Anderson, 2003, pp 1-30). The fire fighters from various departments and the military continue combating the fire in the two cities of New York and Washington. The president terms the attacks as acts of war and requests the congress to help rebuild America by devoting $20 billion (House of Commons Librarary, 2001, pp 1-72). September 13, 2001: president bush vows to lead the world to victory over terrorism terming the attacks as the first war of the 21st century (Englar, 2007, pp 1-25). The then secretary of state Colin Powel after consultations with the department of defence identifies Osama bin Laden as the prime suspect with the then deputy Defence secretary saying that the US will respond with a sustained military campaign. The FAA allows the airports to begin operations but under tight surveillance (Langley, 2006, pp 3-50). September 14, 2001: President Bush declares a national emergency and instructs the military to call fifty thousand soldiers to active duty (House of Commons Librarary, 2001, 1-72). The department of defence releases a list of the nineteen suspected hijackers. At the same time Afghanistan’s Taliban militia group warn America of revenging if the US attacked it for hosting the Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden (Watchtel, 2009, pp 1-48). September 15, 2001: the president declares waging an unrelenting war to hunt down terrorist and the state department cautions that any government that supports terrorism will be isolated (House of Commons Librarary, 2001, pp 1-72). Pakistan on the other hand agrees to help Americans to attack the neighbouring Afghanistan. September 16, 2001: Osama bin Laden denies involvement in the attack as President Bush pledges to rid the world all evil doers brushing off Osama’s claims (House of Commons Librarary, 2001, pp 1-72). The vice president Dick Cheney warns anyone who harbours terrorists will be dealt with mercilessly by the US. United States send a delegation to Afghanistan to release Osama or risk massive attacks (Schier, 2 008, pp 6-100). September 17, 2001: Taliban leaders say that a grand council of Muslim clerics will decide on whether to hand in Osama or not. The Federal Reserve of America cuts its key interests in a bid to keep the economy from plunging into a recession. The FBI releases a list of names that they want detained both in the US and abroad. Trading begins at the New York stock exchange. September 18, 2001: the Taliban Muslim leaders call on all Muslims to wage a Holy war in the event that America attacks them. The defence secretary says the administration is preparing attacks on terrorists and those countries that support terrorist activities (Heider, 2008, pp 1-41). President Bush leads the US people in a moment of silent to remember the people who perished in the attacks (Langley, 2006, pp 3-50). September 19, 2001: the Pentagon gives an order that combat aircrafts should base in the Persian Gulf. President Bush continues with his push to get world leaders to support him in the fig ht against terrorism and meets with different

Mahatma Gandhi- A Hindu Saint Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mahatma Gandhi- A Hindu Saint - Essay Example Having developed his ideas in South Africa, Gandhi remained committed, through numerous internal and external trials, to his fundamental Hindu beliefs – that love could indeed conquer all – all of which contributed to his ability to change the world. His life ended with an assassin’s bullet on January 30, 1948. The militant who shot him blamed Gandhi for the weakening of India yet today Gandhi is hailed as the father of India and has inspired numerous individuals to lead further social reform in other parts of the world. Building off of his early childhood influences and religious ideals, Gandhi accomplished the changes he did by putting together logical strategies for non-violent political action as a means of addressing humanitarian concerns in both South Africa and India. The main beliefs Gandhi held related to his firm conviction that Indians, as British subjects, were every bit as worthy of fair treatment as whites. He did not feel the Indians should be granted special privileges as is shown in an early statement regarding poverty: â€Å"[W]hile the poor man must strive to improve his condition, let him not hate the ruler and wish his destruction †¦ He must not want rulership for himself, but remain content by earning his own wants. This condition of mutual cooperation and help is the Swaraj [freedom] of my conception† (Arnold, 19). Gandhi’s early traditions taught him to revere all life and he remained a vegetarian for most of his life as a result. He also envisioned the goal of life to be recognition of one’s duty toward others and responsibility to uphold the truth. Early in his life, he managed to apply one of the stories from the Bhagavad Gita to his own life. â€Å"Gandhi saw the battle in which Arjuna was engaged a s an allegorical, not an actual, call to arms, a demonstration of the supreme importance of

R Software to complete this task Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

R Software to complete this task - Coursework Example The negative skewness implies that there are more data points on the left side of the histogram (negative side of a skew plot). One can conclude that the life expectancy across the 182 countries is well below 70 years. The scatter plot above barely indicate any form of correlation between internet usage and life expectancy. However, it is clearly indicative that as internet usage increase from 20 to 80, the life expectancy tends to stay above 70 years and steadily moves towards 80 years. This can be simply explained by the fact that increased internet usage leads to better health care awareness. Being exposed to better and healthy living habits and information through the internet may be the cause for increased longevity. The histogram for life expectancy in Europe also shows that the distribution is negatively skewed, but much lesser compared to the entire world life expectancy. The skewness coefficient stands at (-0.52496). However, looking at the bar plots above, there seems to be a reduced number of age data points on the left side. This means that Europe experience increased longevity compared to the world (Reimann et al.). A careful look at the histogram shows that between ages 60 to age 78, the distribution is symmetrical. However, when the age limit is extended above 80, the distribution becomes negatively skewed. The life expectancy in Europe is much higher compared to the 182 countries. The first histogram plot clearly shows that the life expectancy across the 182 countries is 70 years, while the second histogram plot shows that the life expectancy in Europe is at 78 years. Both histograms distribution are negatively skewed, however, Europe seems to have more access to information technology (internet access) which obviously has improved the living standard and heath care for the aging population. In addition, one can also conclude that since Europe has many developed markets, a huge proportion of the population is able to

Mahatma Gandhi- A Hindu Saint Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mahatma Gandhi- A Hindu Saint - Essay Example Having developed his ideas in South Africa, Gandhi remained committed, through numerous internal and external trials, to his fundamental Hindu beliefs – that love could indeed conquer all – all of which contributed to his ability to change the world. His life ended with an assassin’s bullet on January 30, 1948. The militant who shot him blamed Gandhi for the weakening of India yet today Gandhi is hailed as the father of India and has inspired numerous individuals to lead further social reform in other parts of the world. Building off of his early childhood influences and religious ideals, Gandhi accomplished the changes he did by putting together logical strategies for non-violent political action as a means of addressing humanitarian concerns in both South Africa and India. The main beliefs Gandhi held related to his firm conviction that Indians, as British subjects, were every bit as worthy of fair treatment as whites. He did not feel the Indians should be granted special privileges as is shown in an early statement regarding poverty: â€Å"[W]hile the poor man must strive to improve his condition, let him not hate the ruler and wish his destruction †¦ He must not want rulership for himself, but remain content by earning his own wants. This condition of mutual cooperation and help is the Swaraj [freedom] of my conception† (Arnold, 19). Gandhi’s early traditions taught him to revere all life and he remained a vegetarian for most of his life as a result. He also envisioned the goal of life to be recognition of one’s duty toward others and responsibility to uphold the truth. Early in his life, he managed to apply one of the stories from the Bhagavad Gita to his own life. â€Å"Gandhi saw the battle in which Arjuna was engaged a s an allegorical, not an actual, call to arms, a demonstration of the supreme importance of

Debt Crisis in Developing Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Debt Crisis in Developing Countries - Essay Example However despite the many problems associated with developing countries it is still possible to solve the debt problem and to attain high levels of development, this can be done through well laid strategies that involves all the sectors in an economy and this will be analyzed in this paper. Debts in developing countries have increased over the years, many factors have caused this increase in debts including unfavorable terms of trade, rising international interest rates, increasing protectionism in the international market, irresponsible lending by international finance organizations and the rescheduling of punitive terms where countries delay payment.2 The above mentioned factors are external factors and that there exist internal factors that have led to the increased problem of debts include economic mismanagement, unsustainable government deficits and the maintenance of unrealistic exchange rates. All the above factors have led to the increased debt problem in developed countries.3 As a result of unfavorable terms of trade countries are faced with the problem of balance of payment, developing countries mainly export agricultural goods and in turn import machinery and electric goods, the value of imports in most cases exceeds the value of exports and as a result the increasing debt problem, countries are faced with an increasing balance of payment which lead to rising debts. Rising international interest rates: Most international finance institutions will raise their interest rates which in most cases affect developing countries, for example a country may obtain funds from a financial institution but the country may face increasing interest rates on the loan which will increase the pay back value where in most cases the country may end up paying more than double it acquired from the institution, therefore this has added to the problem of debts in developing countries. Increased protectionism in the international market: Increasing protectionism in the international markets has led to an increase in the debt problem in the developing countries, most of the products produced in developing countries are exported to developed countries, when the products are faced with high levels of protectionism in the developed countries the developing countries will experience a reduction in exports leading to unfavorable balance of payment, this means that the country will experience debt problems. Irresponsible lending by finance institutions: Financial institutions will lend money to countries without taking into consideration the current state of an economy, a country may receive a lot of funds which will end up not being used for their intended purpose, finance institutions will lend the developed countries large sums of money and also they lend money even before previous payments are not yet complete leading to the increased debt problem in the developing countries. Rescheduling of payment terms: Financial institutions will change payment terms over time and this may end up increasing the debt problem in developing countries, such terms include the increase in interest rates, the delay of payments has also led to the increasing debt problem in d

Political Events and Shipping Demand Essay Example for Free

Political Events and Shipping Demand Essay Introduction Modern shipping is the life-blood of the world; without it, much of the demand for imports and exports would not be met. In 2006, world seaborne trade was estimated to have reached 30,686 billion ton-miles, having grown by 5. 5% over the previous year. Despite the prevalence of air transport, up to 90% of world trade is carried over the oceans in humble ships. The demand for seaborne trade is driven primarily by the world economy; various industries produce the goods that need to reach different parts of the world. In its most recent World Economic Outlook , the International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasted global growth of 3. per cent for the rest of 2008, lower by 0. 2 per cent from the previous month’s estimate. In spite of the dip, the world economy is still growing annually, led by the emerging markets that are hungry for resources to fuel their growth. Beyond the economy, there are several other factors that determine demand for shipping. This paper seeks to evaluate the role of political events and its impact. In addition, it seeks to look into which commodity is most affected by such incidents. In his book, Maritime Economics, Martin Stopford writes that ‘no discussion of sea transport demand would be complete without reference to the impact of politics’. In the following paragraphs, this paper will address the main types of events that affect shipping demand both positively and adversely. 2. 0Political events that have affected shipping demand the most 2. 1Opening-up of the Chinese economy The accession of China into the ranks of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and Beijing winning the bid to host the Olympics in 2001 were events that had large political motivations and caused a tremendous rise in demand for shipping. Since then, China’s economy has seen astronomical growth. In order to fuel this development, the country has increased both its imports and exports in almost every industry. This has taken the world by storm as countries the world over compete to feed and fuel the world’s most populous country. Hence, seaborne trade and demand for shipping worldwide has been skyrocketing as a result of China’s booming economy. 2. 2War and the economic embargoes Conversely, war and economic embargoes and sanctions are the leading cause of a drop in maritime activity. In broad terms, the hostilities in the Middle-East region have led to disruptions in movements of oil shipments to the developed world. In the 1950s, the Suez Crisis between Britain, France and Israel against Egypt, led to the diversion of ships around the Cape of Good Hope to avoid the tensions. Two decades later on 17 October 1973, the ongoing Yam Kippur War caused the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries to stop shipping oil to nations that supported Israel’s war efforts. The impact of this embargo on shipping was the collapse of the oil tanker market and led to a series of recessions and periods of high inflation that persisted until the 1980s. Other examples would include the Korean War in 1950 and the Gulf War in the early 1990s. . 0Commodities affected Crude oil accounted for 26. 9 per cent of total goods loaded in 2006. Due to the sheer quantity of oil being shipped worldwide, any political event jeopardizing seaborne trade would usually entail oil shipments being affected. This is because the resource is abundant in only certain parts of the world; the Middle-East is one such region that is plagued with rogue political regimes and instability. In the above-mentioned events in the region, the hostilities resulted in disruptions to the oil trade and consequently, oil price. This would be discussed in the section on Iran. Another sector that would be affected would be the metal industry trades and in particular, that of iron ore. Western Australia and Brazil are major exporters of iron ore to growing markets like China which need it for its continued development. 4. 0Opening of China’s economy Since the 1970s, China has been gradually introducing economic reforms and providing enterprises with autonomy. However, it was only in the last 2 decades that the world’s 2nd largest economy has opened itself up to greater foreign investment and world trade. This was carried out through the relaxation of import and export controls and trade reforms in the form of reduced tariffs. All this led to a significant milestone for China and the world – its ascension into the ranks of the WTO on 11 December 2001. In addition, Beijing won the bid to host the 2008 Olympics that same year. These 2 events have set the stage for China’s rapid development. In the following paragraphs, this paper will explain its effects on the world and global trade and shipping. Based on a working paper by the IMF written in 2004, the international impact of China’s ascension into the WTO is far reaching. Firstly, sustaining the growth of China would provide benefits to its trading partners; beyond the processing of trade, there has been significant growth in imports for domestic use and outbound tourism. Secondly, China’s insatiable thirst for energy and metal imports have since fuelled the rapid rise in imports of such commodities. Lastly, multinational companies are tapping into the large domestic market especially with the freeing up of the country’s banking sector. This paper believes that China’s meteoric rise over the last two decades and more significantly, since the dawn of the new millennia, have created a surge in demand for world seaborne trade and shipping. 4. 1China’s role in transforming Western Australia and beyond As a result of China’s booming steel industry, Australian exports of iron ore to China reached more than A$4 billion last year. BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto, two of the world’s largest resource companies, share the metal-rich Pilbara of Western Australia to feed China’s demand. The latter is hoping to double its 2007 iron-ore production in four years. This mining boom in the traditionally ‘sleepy’ side of Australia spells good news for its economy and residents. In an interview with the Economist , Eric Ripper, finance minister of Western Australia, said that his state has been fighting to bring in a A$9 million surplus seven years ago. Last year, the country’s largest state (by land area) grew by 6. 3%, twice that of the entire country. In addition, it now boasts a healthy surplus of A$2 billion. Besides iron ore, China has a tremendous hunger for other natural resources. All across the world, Chinese firms are finding new sources for crude oil, natural gas, metal and coal. Ships have been queuing off Newcastle in Australia to load cargo bound for China; at one point in June 2007, the queue was 79 ships long . In short, the rise in import demand by the Mainland has helped countries in Latin America and Africa grow their own economy. Another country that has seen business grow is the shipping giant of Greece. 60 per cent of China’s imports of raw materials and energy are carried on the backs of Greek ships. Greek ship owners want to capitalize and many have made orders to build ships in China which has caused the order books of the large manufacturers to bulge and many smaller players to join in the fray. . 2China’s effect on shipping demand In terms of shipping, China is a force to be reckoned with. Just 2 years after joining the WTO, China handled 48 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) in 2003, an increase of 11 million TEUs the year before. This made the country the largest container shipping market for the first time with both Sh anghai and Shenzhen joining the mega-port league of over 10 million TEUs throughputs . On two of the most important container trades from Asia to North America and Europe, mainland China and Hong Kong corner 60 per cent of the market share. More recently, with an increasing portion of China’s imports of oil products coming from Latin America and West Africa, ton-miles demanded associated with this trade has increased. Referring back to the example of Australian iron ore, China’s high volumes mean that Chinese companies are sourcing for metals from further abroad such as Brazil. In addition, China has always been a net exporter of coal. However, in the last few years, China has become a net importer; this forces its neighbors to source for coal from further afield. All these factors serve to increase ton-miles demanded. It is important to note that though ton-miles demanded may increase, actual volume may remain unchanged. 5. 0Iran and the Strait of Hormuz The on-going tension between Israel, the United States of America (USA) and Iran over its suspected nuclear-weapons programme has brought about fluctuations in oil prices in recent times. Several factors have made this all the more pressing in the last few months. These include a weakening Bush administration, Iran’s continued uranium-enrichment programme, a lackluster Western diplomatic approach to handling the situation and Israel’s jitters have raised the idea of a possible war in the Middle-East. In retaliation to suggestions of a military strike, Iran has threatened to cut oil exports and close the Strait of Hormuz . This strait’s importance lies in that it is the only viable path for much of the oil from the gulf to reach the rest of the world. By comparison, the Suez and Panama Canals are passages that have alternative albeit costlier, routes. A horseshoe-shaped body of water that stretches between Iran and the northern tip of Oman, the Strait is the only passage in and out of the Gulf. Every day, around 50 tankers carry between 4 million and 17 million barrels of oil and oil products through the 180km-long strait roughly 40 per cent of the worlds internationally traded supplies . If Iran were able to close this waterway by use of anti-ship missiles, only 3 million barrels would be able to be diverted via the Red Sea. Thus, oil and oil product shipment would be greatly hit worldwide. In addition to oil, Jebel Ali, a port-town in the United Arab Emirates, handles ab out half of all maritime trade between Europe and Asia. Currently, it is the largest port between Rotterdam and Singapore. Large portions of what enters some of these free zones in the gulf are transshipped to other parts of the world. Experts who have monitored the Suez Crisis in the 1950s and how it led to the Six-Day War understand that such an action from Iran would result in the Middle-East suffering economically. On a larger scale, the world would be faced with supply cuts in almost all goods. 6. 0Maritime terrorism Another threat to the maritime industry is terrorism at sea. Terrorism is broadly defined as attacks to create fear and often have an underlying belief that the terrorists want to spread. Since the world-changing September 11th attacks on the United States of America in 2001, many other acts of violence have been carried out with ships as targets. An example would be the infamous Al-Qaeda attack on the French oil tanker, the Limburg, in Yemen in 2002. Such attacks create not only a sense of uncertainty in the shipping industry, but have raised the costs of shipping as well. In the case of the Limburg, the insurance payout reached US$70 million . This example highlights the trend of insurance companies charging higher insurance premiums to shipping companies whose ships sail through more ‘dangerous’ waters. As a result, shipping cost has risen over the years and this has led to a dip in demand. Amongst the main trunk routes that ships often ply, the greatest number of such incidents happens in the South China Sea and the Straits of Malacca. These acts of terror also do not differentiate between the types of ships they target; almost everything from boats to tankers has been looted for their cargo and entire ships stolen. This paper would like to caution that the distinction between maritime terrorism and piracy is blurring. 7. 0Conclusion This paper has looked at examples of how political events have caused a stir in the maritime world. This is largely a result of the correlation between world trade, shipping and movement of commodities. Such incidents can spark both a decrease as well as an increase in demand for shipping. In the case of China’s reforms towards a more open economy, trade between this country and the rest of the world has increased dramatically. This has spurred the shipping industry not just in terms of seaborne trade but in other forms such as ports and shipbuilding. Beyond its shores, it has helped to lift the economies of countries that enjoy a high level of trade with China. On the other hand, the tensions in the Middle-East have brought about uncertainty throughout the world over oil prices and world trade. The strategic position of the most hostile nations in the region has given them leverage over the Western world in terms of threats to block the major waterway, the Strait of Hormuz. Lastly, the concerns over maritime safety and rising insurance costs to cover ships and their owners have caused a dip in demand for shipping. This is because of the higher costs now associated with shipping; it is intuitive yet unfortunate that the world’s major shipping routes are also the most dangerous.

Case Study Report For Tyrrells Potato Chips Marketing Essay

Case Study Report For Tyrrells Potato Chips Marketing Essay Tyrrells Potato Chips has had a big success in Britain since 2002. In 2002, Will Chase find the best production method for the special chips of Tyrrells Potato Chips. 8 years later, Tyrrells Potato Chips has attracted a lot of fans. Tyrrells Potato Chips also kept its profit increase the 8 years. In the report, I will try to find the best way for Tyrrells Potato Chips to develop new customers without either changing or losing the perception of it products coming from a Herefordshire farmer. I will give a marketing strategy and some actions to develop the long term customer relationship. I will try to explain the success of Tyrrells Potato Chips in a declining potato crisp market. I will also explain the relationship marketing of a declining potato crisp market and I will finally try to give a plan for Tyrrells Potato Chips for its communications tools to develop new customers. How to develop and grow its customer base amongst customers from the higher social grades, without either changing or losing the perception of it products coming from a Herefordshire farmer? I have see the website of Tyrrells Potato Chips and learned the process of the production of the chips. The success, for Tyrrells Potato Chips, I think is the sustainable development of the chips. Will Chase has found the best soil, the best weather to grow potatoes. He also knows the expertise of making the healthiest chips. Meanwhile, he has the cycle system of making use of the used water. This is the most attractive points for the customers. One is that the chips are specially made, in a more flavor and healthier way. The other one is that Tyrrells Potato Chips has the sustainable development plan. The whole process of making seed to food all has the sustainable principle. Since people are becoming more and more interested in environmental protection and sustainability, sustainable development of a company is a very good example to attract more customers. From the above discussion, I have an idea that Will Chase can find a place to grow potatoes. This place has the same conditions as in Herefordshire farmer. Then there are nice weather, water, soil and nearby facilities that can help Tyrrells Potato Chips to deliver. There are many places in Britain that has nice weather for plants. There are several ways to find the best places. Firstly, find the place that can grow the same potato in Tyrrells Potato Chips. Will Chase can find Tyrrells Court Farm, so he can find another Tyrrells Court Farm. This is quite possible. Secondly, there are different kinds of potatoes, so to find a place that can grow another kind of potato, and can make the same effects as Tyrrells Potato Chips is a very good choice. This is also a way for Tyrrells Potato Chips to develop more different products. If we use the first way of find another Tyrrells Court Farm, Will Chase can set up another Tyrrells Court Farms in all Britain or other countries. This method is called the copy of Tyrrells Court Farm. So the development plan of Tyrrells Potato Chips is to copy the same mode in the town. For example, after detailed research and experiment, Will Chase find Tyrrells Court Farm NO.2 in a place in Britain. The first step for him to do is try to promot for the products in the region and do a market research. If the market test is good, then he needs to try to set up the factory and at the same time set up new stores in the nearby places. The growing process of the stores and the factory is almost like Tyrrells Court Farm and its nearby stores. This is like the copy of the whole mode in London, and there will be more different regions. If Will Chase use the second method, there are more risks. He needs to spend much more on research and development of new products. The problem will be find the same potato seed and the nice growing environment and at the same time keep the tradition of healthy and sustainability of Tyrrells Potato Chips. But this method can give more fresh ideas to Tyrrells Potato Chips. New ideas can have more influences on development of Tyrrells Potato Chips. This is also workable, especially in other countries. Because different countries has different growing environment for different potatoes. This method can help Will Chase set up some new regions in places with different weather, soil and natural environment. The above two methods can be used together. This can maintain the customer of wealthier and old customers. I suggest that Tyrrells Potato Chips should use tailor-made marketing strategy to attract more high social class customers. Tailor-made strategy means that for different big customers, if they order a certain quantity, there can special chips for them. This can increase the interest of high class customers. Young people and those middle-aged people love to show themselves and be different. This tailor-made strategy is a good way to attract more customers, not only old and wealthier people. If the idea can attract them to learn more about Tyrrells Potato Chips, they will like to eat Tyrrells Potato Chips because Tyrrells Potato Chips show their special social status, their care about the environment and their care about their health. What specific sales strategy and structure might Tyrrells Chips employ eventually, to further develop long term customer relationship and equally long term value with its customers? No matter what sales strategy Tyrrells Chips choose, one important thing is find the right market and find the right customers. Right now Tyrrells Chips has mainly old and wealthier customers, and in order to expand customers, the high social class is a target. The trend of a healthy and sustainable Tyrrells Chips is right choice. The history of potato chips have show the life change of British people. People love the flavor of potato chips. But later they found it unhealthy. Potato chips make people become fatter and fatter. Obesity becomes a serious problem for people, either old or young. As edited by BBC, the trend for healthier chips and crisps is the future way for potato chips industry (online). The supplies of healthy and sustainable potatoes are solved by choosing the right place as the Tyrrells Court Farm. Use the same production method or come new methods, the products are ready for customers. Later is the problem of sales and marketing team. The key for Tyrrells Chips is to develop long term customers and keep good relationship with them. Thus I suggest a relationship marketing for the old customers and tailor-made marketing for new young and middle-aged customers. Tyrrells Chips is a high brand. People buy its healthy and sustainable products as well as the services. Thus the branding activities are more important. Thus in sales and marketing function, marketing will be more important. Below will be the simple sales and marketing structure for Tyrrells Chips. In a region, there is one Farm provide potatoes, and different shops or supermarkets that sell Tyrrells Chips. Relationship marketing team is for the retention of old customers and introducing more new customers. Tailor-made marketing strategy is for expansion of new customers. Relationship marketing and tailor-made marketing should work closely with each other, because as pointed out in book Relationship Marketing for Competitive Advantage- winning and keeping customers, the referral of new customers from old customers are quite important and the relationship marketing lies more on the old customers. Sales team and support team are for the direct communication with customers. One Region with one Farm Relationship Marketing Tailor-made Marketing Sales Team in different stores or different channels Support Team including service team Relationship marketing is a method that can increase 50% customers without increase budget, according to Laura Lake (online). Nowadays more and more companies are competing with each other to win more customers, but not every one of them try to retain their customers. Customers give up buying the products because they felt the price was too high or unfair, they had an unresolved complaint, they took a competitors offer, or they left because they felt they are not cared (Laura Lake, online). Thus these are the keys for Tyrrells Chips to maintain good relationship with the old customers. Whats more, old customers can also bring new customers to the company and also become fans of Tyrrells Chips. It is almost like the mode of Amway products, but the real business is not the same. In this way, there will be more and more old and wealthier customers. Tailor-made marketing is new marketing method. Mars is a very big candy company. It has the tailor-made service for different customers. For example, Mars provide big corporations with special design candies for any use or weddings of different people. People can design by themselves or just choose some of the designs. The result is that Mars has really kept the high social class customers. These customers include some big companies and some people from a higher social class. Tyrrells Chips can also use the same methods. Healthy and sustainable chips are still the topic for Tyrrells Chips, but people can choose different healthy and sustainable way of eating chips. Each shop can open the tailor-made service stop and give ideas to different people. At the same time, e-marketing is a must. Since mobile phone and internet are the main tool for young and middle-aged people, to use e-marketing will be a nice choice. Relationship marketing, tailor-made marketing and a team with good service is my suggestion for the sales strategy and sales structure for Tyrrells Chips. And this will be a good way to maintain old customers and development new long-term relationship with different customers. 3. Critically evaluate the success to date of Tyrrells Chips in a declining potato crisp market. In the history of potato chips, it is the cause of obesity for people. Since 1950s, people became interested in this kind of oil food. All these years, people have found this led to obesity. And recent years people become not like potato chips because of health problems. Young people are quite influenced by potato chips and old people also. Walkers are todays market leaders in the UK, with sales topping an amazing 180million (BBC, online). But after the crazy of chips, people become realized the importance of health. Thus since last decade, there was a declining in potato chips market. But the trend for potato chips is always healthy. Will Chase succeeded because he has take the chance to develop individual and public healthy potato chips. Firstly, the chips made by Tyrrells Chips is healthy. Will Chase has the best farm to grow the potato seed. The best weather, the best soil, the best people take care of the plants. Then Will Chase has the best method to produce chips. His process was simply to cut the potato thicker so that it retained more potato flavor, kept its natural juices and natural starch. In the frying process the chip absorbed much less oil so produced a much healthier product. Finally, because of the near distance between customers and the farm, these chips are the fleshiest. This whole process has made sure the healthy chips. And Will Chase has made this known to every customer, thus it is quite popular among customers. Secondly, Will Chase has the sense of a sustainable company development. Will Chase quite concern the sustainable development. He has the cycle system in the farm to make good use of some used things, like soil, water, etc. All these chips are hand-made. This saves the energy of machines, which is quite sustainable. At the same time, Will Chase held many activities with different customers to promote the idea of sustainable development (see from the website of Tyrrells Chips). Will Chase make people feel the importance of protecting the earth. The biggest success of Tyrrells Chips, I think, is the right marketing way relationship marketing. Will Chase has attracted the wealthier and old people. These customers are quite loyal to their brands. Since old people are attracted, young people will feel more like it. Will Chase also has the long-term customer strategy. To develop Tyrrells Chips is also a long-term thing. Thus Will Chase try to hold all the old customers and try to develop more customers through these customers. This relationship marketing really helped Tyrrells Chips to be high-end brand with a very good concept, healthy and sustainable. This kind of marketing cause less money but receives much more effects. However, more and more chips companies are competing for the healthy chips market, and some of them also produced some new brands. Will Chase should be quite clear about the fast decisions he needs to take. Because there will be more and more healthy and sustainable chips made by other factories. Tyrrells Chips also have developed different taste to meet different customers needs. Tyrrells Chips is doing well right now, with different tastes and different packages. The next step for Will Chase to decide is to find the right track for Tyrrells Chips, not just expansion of customer. To maintain a long-term relationship with different customers is much more important. Tyrrells Chips relationship marketing and its importance Tyrrells Chips succeeded in providing healthy and sustainable chips to the group of wealthier and old group, and this success is due to the relationship marketing. Relationship marketing was first defined as a form of marketing developed from direct response marketing campaigns which emphasizes customer retention and satisfaction, rather than a dominant focus on sales transactions. (Wikipedia) In other words, relationship marketing focuses more on the long-term value of customers. And by using the customers, they can introduce more and more customers. It is reported that companies can increase their 50% sales through the long-tern customers. And at the same time they dont need to add any cost to their products. The declining of the chips market during the recent years. People are seeking some ways of new chips. Traditional mass production of chips can not meet the needs because people think that machine-made chips are fat, oily and not healthy. Mass produced chips aim at the common majority of people, thus to use a general marketing strategy is OK. But Tyrrells Chips has the concept of healthy from seed to product, thus it is special for some group of people. And since Will Chase is very pay attention to sustainable development, Tyrrells Chips in fact is a high-class chips. All in all, the product orientation of Tyrrells Chips thus needs a special marketing. Relationship marketing is a good choice. Firstly, relationship marketing for Tyrrells Chips can give Tyrrells Chips a higher-level brand. When customers get to know Tyrrells Chips, the first impression is that Tyrrells Chips is totally different from other chips. Tyrrells Chips is healthy from seed to product, Tyrrells Chips is hand-made, Tyrrells Chips is sustainable because it has the sustainable development system. And the most important is that Tyrrells Chips has wealthier and old customers. In other words, when old and wealthier people praise Tyrrells Chips, Tyrrells Chips is in fact very good. This is very useful when Tyrrells Chips want to expand its customer to another group. Secondly, customers referral shows the super quality of Tyrrells Chips. Amway has the traditional direct marketing strategy, and only people who know has the access to its products can buy their products. Thus Amway has a very good reputation among customers. Just imagine, if your good friend strongly recommend a product to you, and you really are in need. Will you buy it? The answer is YES. This is also the same with Tyrrells Chips. In 5 Steps to Relationship Marketing Success, the core for the relationship marketing is to set your mind at your customers, and as an expert, give any services or consultancy to your customers to meet their needs. In other words, services in relationship marketing is quite important. That is also why most of the sales people would like to keep a good touch with their key customers. Because keeping good relationship with old customers can bring more business. This is also the principle of develop new customers based on your 20% key customers. 5. New marketing communications tools that can help expanding customers for Tyrrells Chips There are many new marketing communication tools to choose. But for Tyrrells Chips, the marketing strategy is relationship marketing and tailor-made marketing, thus the tools cannot like the traditional tools, like newspapers, TV, internet, etc. and there cannot so massive advertising. The new marketing strategy should also be sustainable and use the least media to achieve the most effect. Firstly, in order to attract more and more young and middle-aged customers, internet is a must tool. Tailor-made services can really attract those customers. So to publish the tailor-made service of Tyrrells Chips on some high-class websites, like some forum, some personal on-line community for people from the same field. The key selling point of Tyrrells Chips is healthy and sustainable, and approved by most of the old generations. Secondly, there can be some on-line forums for customers to communicate with each other. This is a good way for old and new customers to communicate, and is also a good way to develop new customer. The forum can improve the number of long-term customers and form a good environment of passing the healthy and sustainable ideas to new comers. Finally, there should be on-line satisfactory surveys for customers. One way to retain long-term customers is to give more care to them and ask them for any improvements (Laura Lake, online). Secondly, high-end magazines is a choice. Since the target customers are high social class people, to publish some passages on some high-end magazines will be very good. The content of the passages can be simply an attractive poster of Tyrrells Chips, some interview with old customers, or interviews with employees of Tyrrells Chips, or even an exclusive interview with Will Chase. Anything that can help readers know the healthy and sustainable of Tyrrells Chips can be used in the magazines. For example, they can buy one page poster from Financial Times, and the poster should be attractive and at the same time expressing the healthy and sustainable sense of Tyrrells Chips to the readers. Finally, different events can help Tyrrells Chips to introduce more customers by the old customers. All these events can be introduced by one old customer with another new customer. As for the form of events, I have two suggestions. The first form is DIY Chips Days. Since Tyrrells Chips has the tailor-made marketing strategy, to hold DIY Chips Day is a must. This event want to increase more customers by old customers. DIY Chips Day will attract more young people and middle-aged people with their families. Whats more, to learn the making process of Tyrrells Chips is also a very good way to learn the healthy and sustainable of Tyrrells Chips. This is a good method to develop more and more long-term customers. Another form is to hold more and more sustainable events. Since the world is becoming more and more interested and care the global warming issue, to co operate with customers to work for the earth is a good idea. There are many choices for the sustainable events. Organize a profes sional meeting about the global warming, make a event of planting trees in the morning, plan an activity to pick up trashes in the open air with students, work with any non-governmental organizations in their activities. The best way is to work with different NGOes to organize more and more sustainable events. The core is also introduce more and more new customers by the old customers. Different marketing tools can have different effects on the expansion of customers. But the principle for Tyrrells Chips is that they never forget about their healthy and sustainable principles. With this healthy and sustainable principle, Tyrrells Chips can succeed in the expansion of markets. In conclusion, the real success of Tyrrells Chips lies in the principles of Will Chase, healthy and sustainable chips. Healthy has caught the main trend of the chips development. Sustainable development has caught the whole worlds attention. Nowadays more and more companies and organizations are paying more attention to sustainable development because of the global warming. The biggest success would be the relationship marketing and try to earn the like of old and wealthier people. Wealthier and old people accept the chips, more and more young and middle-aged people will eat Tyrrells Chips. because old people are more focusing on the health of chips. thus the later marketing strategy for Tyrrells Chips would be easier. Tailor-made marketing and sustainable events can help in attracting more and more long-term customers. E-marketing and mobile marketing can help branding to more and more readers. However, since Tyrrells Chips is doing in quite a limited region, more and more competito rs will also look on this market. As a result, this is only the beginning of new chips era. Will Chase need to have more actions more quickly and rightly so that no other competitor can compete with Tyrrells Chips. Relationship and tailor-made marketing would be a very good method for Tyrrells Chips to expand its customers and set up new market regions. And more and more young and middle-aged high class people will become eating Tyrrells Chips.

Free College Essays - Hidden Sin in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter: Hidden Sin People often keep secrets in an effort to hide their sins from others. This is a risky since secrets have a way of manifesting themselves externally, and thus, letting everyone know of their owner’s sins. Hidden sin is a prominent theme in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, The Scarlet Letter. Names like Chillingworth and Dimmesdale let the reader know how, in reality, these characters are, before ever really encountering them. Characters whom the reader will encounter in this novel are going through some type of dilemma on the inside, which begins to show itself in the exterior of the particular individual. In The Scarlet Letter, two studious individuals, Roger Chillingworth and Arthur Dimmesdale, two of the main characters in the novel, each possess their own sins which begin to show themselves in their outermost features, each brought apon themselves for their own respective reasons. Roger Chillingworth's features begin to display his inward deformities externally as the novel progresses due to his attempts at finding the man who violated his marriage. When he is first seen in the novel, "there was a remarkable intelligence in his features, as of a person who had so cultivated his mental part that it could not fail to mould the physical to itself and become manifest by unmistakable tokens." He also has a left shoulder which is slightly higher than the right originally, which only gets more ugly and misshapen with the rest of his body. Chillingworth then takes up residence with Dimmesdale and begins his quest to punish the minister and find out the true identity of this man. After he begins his quest the townspeople observe "something ugly and evil in his face which they had not previously noticed, and which grew still the more obvious to sight, the oftener they looked upon him.† Soon his wife, Hester, finds "the former aspect of an intellectual a nd studious man, calm and quiet, which was what she best remembered in him, had altogether vanished and been succeeded by an eager searching, almost fierce, yet carefully guarded look." Chillingworth, the injured husband, seeks no revenge against Hester, but he is determined to find the man who has violated his marrige: â€Å"He bears no letter of infamy wrought into his garment, and thou dost; but I shall read it on his heart.† Chillingworth comments: â€Å"Believe me, Hester, there are few things.

Native Americans in “The Pearl” by John Steinbeck Essay

Steinbeck’s The Pearl is one of his most intriguing pieces. Steinbeck manages to fit many different ideas into a short novella that is under a hundred pages. However, what makes The Pearl truly a great book is his critique of colonial society, and the interaction of Native Americans and colonists. Steinbeck emphasizes the differences between the colonists and the native Indians by using such symbols as the relationship between town and village, education, and instinct. Steinbeck also shows that he views changing one’s station, or attempting to, as foolish and impossible, but that trying to is needed to provide an example for others. Steinbeck uses the differences between town and village as a metaphor for the differences between the colonists and the Native Americans. Steinbeck shows how he uses the stark differences between the huts of the Native Americans and the grand villas of the colonists in the following quote:†They came to the place where the brush houses stopped and the city of stone and plaster began, the city of harsh outer walls and inner cool gardens where a little water played and the bougainvillea crusted where walls with purple and brick-red and white.† (Steinbeck, pg. 8) In this quote, Steinbeck emphasizes the stark difference between the village, made of simple materials, and the town, made of expensive materials. Steinbeck also uses the town’s buildings as a metaphor for the people within, as Steinbeck describes the buildings as having â€Å"harsh outer walls,† but having â€Å"inner cool gardens.† This could be a metaphor for the people within the building, portraying the people inside them as, at once, very kind and nice, but only once those walls had been let down. This shows the colonists as being very xenophobic, and being kind to their own race but â€Å"harsh† to other races. Steinbeck reinforces the idea that the colonists were living better than the Native Americans in the following quote:†The procession left the brush houses and entered the stone and plaster city where the streets were a little wider and there was a narrow pavement beside the buildings.† (Steinbeck, pg. 47)Steinbeck shows that the Native Americans saw the colonists’ living conditions as better than theirs, and that the streets were â€Å"a little wider,† which could be seen as a commentary for most things, and that in most things, what the colonists lived â€Å"a little† better.  Steinbeck here tells us, and when combined with the quote above, the colonists are living better than the Native Americans. Because the colonists have plenty of resources, and the Native Americans are not living in the luxury of the colonists, it indicates an unfair share of wealth, which is oddly skewed in the favor of the colonists. This reinforces the already presented ide a that the colonists are, overall, living better than the Native Americans. Steinbeck’s next way to differentiate between the colonists and the Native Americans is using their instinctual actions. Steinbeck shows that the colonists and Native Americans are instinctively different, thus he attempts to give an excuse, or perhaps a reason, for the differences between them, and their outcomes. Steinbeck explores into the instinctual differences between the Native Americans and the colonists in the following quotes:†There was sorrow in Kino’s rage, but this last thing had tightened him beyond breaking. He was an animal now, for hiding, for attacking, and he lived only to protect himself and his family†¦ [despite his need for a canoe,]†¦never once did it occur to him to take one of the canoes of his neighbor.† (Steinbeck, pg. 42) â€Å"He could kill the doctor more easily than he could talk to him, for all of the doctor’s race spoke to all of Kino’s race as though they were simple animals.† (Steinbeck, pg. 9)Once again, we can see the recurring theme that the Native Americans have become whatever the colonists mold them to be, and as seen in the second quote, Steinbeck says that â€Å"the doctor’s race spoke to all of Kino’s race as though they were simple animals†¦,† and Steinbeck says in the first quote that Kino â€Å"was an animal now†¦.† This shows that Kino, and his people as a whole, have become what the colonists have made them, and that they have become whatever the colonists wished them to be. This shows that the colonists control every facet of Native American life, and that anything that they want to be done will be done. Steinbeck shows that the colonists have been raised with the instinctive belief that they were above the Native Americans, and that they were better than the Native Americans:†Have I got nothing better to do than cure insect bites for ‘little Indians’? I am a doctor, not a veterinary.† (Steinbeck,  pg. 11)This shows that the doctor thought that the Indians were â€Å"animals,† and because of the fact that the colonists have been molding the Indians beliefs, the Indians thought that they were animals, perhaps resulting in the instinctive animal behavior. Steinbeck says in the previous quote that the colonists treated â€Å"Kino’s race† like that, so perhaps it has become an instinctual reaction to the oppression of the colonists. Steinbeck says that Kino was an animal who â€Å"lived only to protect himself and his family,† showing that he did it as an instinctive defense, and that he only becomes an animal to protect his family. Steinbeck also emphasizes that Kino becomes his animal alias only when he needs to hide or protect himself. This shows that Kino’s people have developed this as a natural defense, and its use is only for defense. This also shows that his people developed it for need of defense, and that continual need of protection is the only reason such a protection would be needed, and there is only one source for this continuous onslaught, and that is the colonists. Steinbeck also goes so far as to say that the instinctive animal that Kino becomes retains all of the qualities that Kino retains, even so far as his lack of will to steal from his own kind. This shows that Kino’s alias does not seek survival of Kino as a person, but Kino’s race as a whole. He is unwilling to take from his people, as his alias is unwilling to damage itself. If his alias is for the protection of a whole group of people, then they must be under attack from a large group of people, giving us the structure of the assumption that the colonist society persecutes the Native Americans and the Native Americans have developed instincts for their protection. â€Å"†¦the strangers came with argument and authority and gunpowder to back up both. And in the four hundred years [since,] Kino’s people had learned only one defense- a slight slitting of the eyes and a slight tightening of the lips and a retirement. Nothing could break down this wall, and they could remain whole within the wall.† (Steinbeck, pg. 17)In this quote Steinbeck shows another instinct, reclusion behind an inner shell, the creation of which has been directly linked to the coming of colonist society. However,  this reaction shows more of the actual standpoint of the Native American society, as reactive, and unable to be proactive. This reactivity means that the situation will remain the same, and if this was the way that Kino’s ancestors were and will be, then this situation will remain the same until stopped by outside intervention. This also shows that the Native American society has chosen to preserve itself within their shell, and to submit outside of it. Whenever attacked outside of the shell, they shelter inside their shell of refusal to change, as shown in the above quote. This results in the situation remaining a perfect clone of the situation that it was when it started, resulting in continuing colonist oppression. If the only place that they can take refuge is within personal shell, then they cannot control anything outside their shell, and they are therefore powerless outside their shell. The colonist society, as a whole, exerts their control over the Native American population using the yoke of education. â€Å"This is our one chance†¦ [our son] must break out of the pot that holds us in.† (Steinbeck, pg. 103)Steinbeck here shows what that the Native Americans see lack of education as a â€Å"pot that holds us in.† This also shows that they do not get any chances to learn, for if they did, then they would have more than â€Å"one chance.† As the only way they can learn is to be taught by an educated person, and the only educated people are the colonists, the colonists must be withholding education. This shows that the colonists might be intentionally trying to keep the Native Americans in their â€Å"pot.† It is also interesting that this â€Å"pot† is probably the same as the â€Å"shell† that the Native Americans hide in. â€Å"He did not know, and perhaps this doctor did. And he could not take the chance of pitting his certain ignorance against this man’s possible knowledge. He was trapped as his people were always trapped, and would be until†¦ they could be sure that the things in the books were really in the books.† (Steinbeck, pg. 76)This shows an example of how the colonists use education to control the Native American population. â€Å"He was trapped as his  people were always trapped, and would be until†¦they could be sure that the things in the books were really in the books.† This specific sub-phrase shows how his people trusted the books as reliable sources, information that the colonists must have planted. If the colonists planted the knowledge that the books were reliable, being the only people who could read the books, anything and everything that they said about the books, if not a lie, was true. And as the Native Americans did not know when people were lying, anything that a colonist said could be definitely accurate, or a lie. The risk seemed too much and the Native Americans usually did as they said, as Kino does, because they are afraid of matching their â€Å"certain ignorance against [the colonists’] possible knowledge.†Steinbeck also continually shows that the colonists use their control of religion, through their knowledge of education, as another way of controlling the Native American populace. â€Å"It was a good idea, but it was against religion†¦The loss of the pearl[s] was a punishment visited on those who tried to leave their station. And the father made it clear that each man and woman is†¦a soldier sent by god to guard some part†¦of the Universe†¦.But each one must remain faithful to his post and must not go running about, else the castle is in danger from the assaults of Hell†¦.† (Steinbeck, pg. 42)This shows that the colonists use their knowledge of religion, due to their reading ability, to keep the Native Americans thinking that they are doing God’s will, or, if they believe otherwise, do so out of fear of being incorrect. The colonists tell the Native Americans that they have to stay in their current position in life, living as poor peasants who treat the colonists as royalty, because that that is God’s will. Because the Native Americans are unsure of what is correct, they take what is, to them, the safer approach, b y doing as the colonists say. The colonists also bring in faith, by saying that if they are not faithful to their post, and thus not faithful to their religion, which would be considered blasphemy by the religious Native Americans, then they would be in danger of the attack from the â€Å"assaults of hell,† which could be  interpreted as going to hell, which the religious Native Americans would be very afraid of. â€Å"†¦I heard him make that sermon†¦he makes it every year.†This shows that the colonists try to keep the Native Americans in line, and that it is, again, a group effort and that the entire colonist community works as one in achieving their goal, the exploitation of the Native American society. This also shows that they do this repeatedly, and probably have for been using the same methods for centuries. This also shows that this oppression is not a one-time thing, and that it is a continuous, calculated, malicious oppression of a race. Steinbeck has shown throughout The Pearl his opinions on the differences between the colonists and the Native Americans by showing their relationship, as the type of relationship is based upon the differences of its members. Steinbeck shows this through the differences between town and village, instinct, and education. Steinbeck portrays the colonists as aggressive, abusive, and manipulative throughout the book, especially towards the Native Americans. The Native Americans are portrayed as obedient, acknowledgeable, and living as underlings for the colonist society. The Pearl by John Steinbeck. The Viking Press & William Heinemann, 1947. ISBN: 0-14-017737-X